Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-24 @ 11:38 PM
Ignite Modification Date:
2025-12-25 @ 9:28 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT03418051
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2021-08-27
First Post:
2018-01-24
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
False
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Mechanisms of Manual Therapies in CAI Patients
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'interventionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D008405', 'term': 'Massage'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D064746', 'term': 'Therapy, Soft Tissue'}, {'id': 'D026201', 'term': 'Musculoskeletal Manipulations'}, {'id': 'D000529', 'term': 'Complementary Therapies'}, {'id': 'D013812', 'term': 'Therapeutics'}, {'id': 'D026741', 'term': 'Physical Therapy Modalities'}, {'id': 'D012046', 'term': 'Rehabilitation'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'wikstrom@unc.edu', 'phone': '9199622260', 'title': 'Erik Wikstrom', 'organization': 'University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': True, 'restrictiveAgreement': False}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': 'From the Baseline assessment through the Follow-up visit, a total of up to approximately 6 weeks.', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).', 'otherNumAtRisk': 20, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 20, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 20, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 20, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 20, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 20, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 20, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 20, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 20, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'ML COP Velocity From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '119.91', 'spread': '47.38', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '118.91', 'spread': '47.38', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '121.07', 'spread': '44.55', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '116.99', 'spread': '36.16', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '128.23', 'spread': '40.10', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '121.20', 'spread': '42.83', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.824', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.426', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of ML COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'ML COP Velocity From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '119.71', 'spread': '48.70', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '116.13', 'spread': '41.37', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '119.14', 'spread': '46.66', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '118.86', 'spread': '45.11', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '110.80', 'spread': '46.45', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '111.06', 'spread': '43.86', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.722', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.843', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of ML COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the Follow-Up assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'AP COP Velocity From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '117.40', 'spread': '31.73', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '115.84', 'spread': '47.32', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '126.50', 'spread': '37.95', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '120.91', 'spread': '33.69', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '122.51', 'spread': '39.05', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '100.91', 'spread': '38.53', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.046', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.845', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of AP COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\]. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'AP COP Velocity From Baseline to Follow-up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '119.48', 'spread': '33.02', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '116.69', 'spread': '48.19', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '123.93', 'spread': '39.40', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '117.67', 'spread': '40.04', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '105.10', 'spread': '48.54', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '97.96', 'spread': '35.18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.138', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.523', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of AP COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\] with eyes open and closed. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'ML TTB From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-50.76', 'spread': '13.41', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-54.97', 'spread': '8.98', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-55.41', 'spread': '10.81', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-55.99', 'spread': '7.14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-56.61', 'spread': '10.43', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-52.28', 'spread': '11.73', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.069', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.413', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of ML Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary (TTB) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. TTB represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML TTB decreased with eyes closed.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'ML TTB From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-48.98', 'spread': '14.31', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-54.18', 'spread': '9.41', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-51.12', 'spread': '13.00', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-51.12', 'spread': '13.00', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-52.18', 'spread': '12.69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-53.12', 'spread': '10.91', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.604', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.499', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of ML Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary (TTB) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. TTB represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML TTB decreased with eyes closed.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data was due to participants lost to follow up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'AP TTB From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-52.54', 'spread': '9.67', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-54.59', 'spread': '8.81', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-57.53', 'spread': '8.24', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-52.97', 'spread': '7.31', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-54.39', 'spread': '11.01', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-48.81', 'spread': '8.67', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.005', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold was set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.853', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of AP Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary (TTB) is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\] with eyes open and closed. TTB represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in AP TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as AP TTB decreased with eyes closed.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'AP TTB From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-52.95', 'spread': '10.40', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-55.09', 'spread': '8.36', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-53.98', 'spread': '10.53', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-51.94', 'spread': '11.40', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-47.38', 'spread': '12.05', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '-48.81', 'spread': '9.92', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.142', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set to 0.05', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.167', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of AP Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\] with eyes open and closed. Time-to-boundary represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in AP TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as AP TTB decreased with eyes closed.", 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': '95% Confidence Ellipse From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '270.91', 'spread': '168.28', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '270.91', 'spread': '168.28', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '290.70', 'spread': '128.07', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post-Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '267.85', 'spread': '127.60', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '283.26', 'spread': '111.89', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '275.92', 'spread': '142.78', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.849', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.993', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': '% Modulation of 95% Confidence Ellipse.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) excursion \\[movement\\] is calculated and the magnitude of an ellipse that contains 95% of all data points is calculated with eyes open and closed. The resulting outcome is calculated from a 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as the variable increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': '95% Confidence Ellipse From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '286.29', 'spread': '173.43', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '272.07', 'spread': '142.18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '282.06', 'spread': '129.60', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '317.46', 'spread': '146.05', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '254.06', 'spread': '165.90', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '267.92', 'spread': '134.57', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.535', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.569', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': '% Modulation of 95% Confidence Ellipse.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) excursion \\[movement\\] is calculated and the magnitude of an ellipse that contains 95% of all data points is calculated with eyes open and closed. The resulting outcome is calculated from a 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as the variable increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': '% modulation', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Plantar Flexion Joint Position Sense From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.00', 'spread': '1.82', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.25', 'spread': '1.60', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.73', 'spread': '2.54', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.22', 'spread': '1.36', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1.97', 'spread': '1.54', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '2.42', 'spread': '1.67', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.405', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold was 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.229', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Amount of error, measured in degrees, from a target angle of plantar flexion. Participants are shown a target ankle and asked to replicate that angle (i.e. joint position) with their eyes closed. The amount of error from the target angle is recorded as the joint position sense. Larger values (i.e. greater error) indicates worse joint position sense. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Degrees', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'All missing data was the result of participants being lost to follow-up.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Plantar Flexion Joint Position Sense From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.04', 'spread': '1.78', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.04', 'spread': '1.78', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.72', 'spread': '2.61', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.35', 'spread': '1.95', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1.51', 'spread': '1.49', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '2.62', 'spread': '2.20', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.609', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.027', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold was set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'Amount of error, measured in degrees, from a target angle of plantar flexion. Participants are shown a target ankle and asked to replicate that angle (i.e. joint position) with their eyes closed. The amount of error from the target angle is recorded as the joint position sense. Larger values (i.e. greater error) indicates worse joint position sense. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Degrees', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data was due to participants being lost to follow up.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': '1st Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.83', 'spread': '0.62', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.55', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.61', 'spread': '0.76', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.41', 'spread': '0.57', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.73', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '2.83', 'spread': '0.54', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.613', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Independent sample Mann-Whitney U', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEDIAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the head of the 1st metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. his analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mm', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost at follow up.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': '1st Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.95', 'spread': '0.67', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.57', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.41', 'spread': '0.77', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.67', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.58', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '2.83', 'spread': '0.81', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.925', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Independent sample Mann-Whitney U', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEDIAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the head of the 1st metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mm', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost at follow up.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': '5th Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.60', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.59', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.84', 'spread': '0.75', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.61', 'spread': '0.69', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.41', 'spread': '0.23', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.69', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.641', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.897', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEDIAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the base of the 5th metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mm', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost at follow up.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': '5th Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.62', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.22', 'spread': '0.61', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.84', 'spread': '0.76', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.61', 'spread': '0.50', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.41', 'spread': '0.85', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3.61', 'spread': '0.91', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.561', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.925', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Wilcoxon (Mann-Whitney)', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEDIAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow Up', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the base of the 5th metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mm', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost at follow up.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Soleus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.68', 'spread': '.140', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.65', 'spread': '0.18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.63', 'spread': '0.30', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post-Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.67', 'spread': '0.14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.62', 'spread': '0.12', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.64', 'spread': '0.29', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.233', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.634', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'H:M Ratio', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Soleus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '13', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.67', 'spread': '0.15', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.63', 'spread': '0.18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.65', 'spread': '0.25', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.64', 'spread': '0.13', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.62', 'spread': '0.16', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.67', 'spread': '0.15', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.233', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.634', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'H:M Ratio', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Fibularis Longus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '19', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.34', 'spread': '0.13', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.29', 'spread': '0.20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.25', 'spread': '0.20', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post-Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.27', 'spread': '0.08', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.23', 'spread': '0.12', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.28', 'spread': '0.17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.030', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.618', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'H:M Ratio', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Fibularis Longus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '13', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.30', 'spread': '0.08', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.28', 'spread': '0.20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.28', 'spread': '0.20', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.29', 'spread': '0.14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.23', 'spread': '0.11', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.32', 'spread': '0.18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.456', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.568', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'H:M Ratio', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Fibularis Longus Active Motor Threshold From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '44', 'spread': '9.87', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '38.38', 'spread': '8.60', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '40.8', 'spread': '42.2', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post-Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '45.12', 'spread': '8.37', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '38.27', 'spread': '6.75', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '42.2', 'spread': '8.46', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.919', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.558', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical excitability using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. A higher active motor threshold (AMT) indicates decreased excitability, as a greater stimulus intensity is required to elicit a motor evoke potential (MEP). This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': '% maximum intensity', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants being lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Fibularis Longus Active Motor Threshold From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '44', 'spread': '10.23', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '39.6', 'spread': '8.47', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '41.22', 'spread': '6.90', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '44.75', 'spread': '9.16', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '40.26', 'spread': '9.26', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '42.55', 'spread': '43.80', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.796', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.558', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical excitability using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. A higher active motor threshold (AMT) indicates decreased excitability, as a greater stimulus intensity is required to elicit a motor evoke potential (MEP). This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': '% maximum intensity', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Cortical Silent Period From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.107', 'spread': '0.077', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.125', 'spread': '0.084', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.122', 'spread': '0.027', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post-Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.085', 'spread': '0.036', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.114', 'spread': '0.038', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.091', 'spread': '0.024', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.701', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.68', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of corticospinal inhibition using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. The cortical silent period (CSP) will be measured as the distance from the end of the motor evoked potential (MEP) to a return of the mean electromyographic (EMG) signal plus two times the standard deviation of the baseline (pre-stimulus) EMG signal. A longer CSP indicates a greater corticospinal inhibition. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'ms', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Cortical Silent Period From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.088', 'spread': '0.037', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.121', 'spread': '0.087', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.114', 'spread': '0.032', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.088', 'spread': '0.024', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.096', 'spread': '0.024', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.110', 'spread': '0.046', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.883', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.401', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of corticospinal inhibition using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. The cortical silent period (CSP) will be measured as the distance from the end of the motor evoked potential (MEP) to a return of the mean electromyographic (EMG) signal plus two times the standard deviation of the baseline (pre-stimulus) EMG signal. A longer CSP indicates a greater corticospinal inhibition. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'ms', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Corticomotor Map Area From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '13.43', 'spread': '10.6', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '19.6', 'spread': '12.0', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '21.8', 'spread': '15.3', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post-Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '16.68', 'spread': '11.47', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '21.55', 'spread': '11.4', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '20.2', 'spread': '12.14', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.393', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.779', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "A measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map area is the number of stimulus positions whose stimulation evoked an average motor evoked potential ≥ the motor evoked potential threshold. An increase would suggest an expansion of the cortical representation of a selected muscle. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': 'number of positions', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Corticomotor Map Area From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '14.3', 'spread': '11.79', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '16.73', 'spread': '10.1', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '20.0', 'spread': '12.92', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '9.08', 'spread': '6.17', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '16.73', 'spread': '6.73', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '20.66', 'spread': '12.92', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.246', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.191', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "A measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map area is the number of stimulus positions whose stimulation evoked an average motor evoked potential ≥ the motor evoked potential threshold. An increase would suggest an expansion of the cortical representation of a selected muscle. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': 'number of positions', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost at follow-up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Corticomotor Map Volume From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.89', 'spread': '0.29', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1.2', 'spread': '0.60', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '1.07', 'spread': '0.72', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post-Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.80', 'spread': '0.36', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.93', 'spread': '0.23', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '1.05', 'spread': '0.89', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.703', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.282', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "A measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map volume will be calculated as the sum of the mean normalized MEPs recorded with an increase suggesting greater cortical excitability. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': 'number of positions', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Corticomotor Map Volume From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '12', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '15', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.91', 'spread': '0.32', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1.12', 'spread': '0.62', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.99', 'spread': '0.50', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.66', 'spread': '0.39', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.74', 'spread': '0.16', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.72', 'spread': '0.35', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.925', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.551', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori alpha level was set to 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map volume will be calculated as the sum of the mean normalized MEPs recorded with an increase suggesting greater cortical excitability. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.", 'unitOfMeasure': 'number of positions', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost at follow-up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Alpha Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.739', 'spread': '0.479', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.911', 'spread': '0.686', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.755', 'spread': '0.428', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.731', 'spread': '0.477', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.990', 'spread': '0.887', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.633', 'spread': '0.272', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.506', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.753', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the alpha bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Alpha Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.669', 'spread': '0.373', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.896', 'spread': '0.673', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.707', 'spread': '0.425', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.718', 'spread': '0.398', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.805', 'spread': '0.471', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.701', 'spread': '0.441', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.777', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.475', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the alpha bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate follow-up assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost at follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Beta Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.355', 'spread': '0.147', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.480', 'spread': '0.285', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.361', 'spread': '0.200', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.336', 'spread': '0.125', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.600', 'spread': '0.330', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.354', 'spread': '0.162', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.738', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.042', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the beta bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Beta Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.310', 'spread': '0.104', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.442', 'spread': '0.169', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.338', 'spread': '0.206', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.309', 'spread': '0.080', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.429', 'spread': '0.169', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.311', 'spread': '0.140', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.738', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.830', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the beta bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost at follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Gamma Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.116', 'spread': '0.046', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.155', 'spread': '0.063', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.123', 'spread': '0.052', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Post Intervention', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.123', 'spread': '0.041', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.172', 'spread': '0.097', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.125', 'spread': '0.047', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.700', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.492', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the gamma bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost to follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Gamma Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '16', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Baseline', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.109', 'spread': '0.029', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.149', 'spread': '.062', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.120', 'spread': '0.048', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Follow-Up', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.116', 'spread': '0.036', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.166', 'spread': '0.072', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '0.123', 'spread': '0.041', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '0.820', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '0.526', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'pValueComment': 'A priori threshold set at 0.05.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the gamma bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Missing data due to participants lost at follow up or technical issues with equipment.'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Walking Ankle Dorsiflexion at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while walking.', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Walking Ankle Dorsiflexion Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while walking.', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Walking Ankle Dorsiflexion at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while walking.', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Walking Loading Rate at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while walking', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Walking Loading Rate Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while walking', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Walking Loading Rate at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while walking', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Landing Ankle Dorsiflexion at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while landing from a jump', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Landing Ankle Dorsiflexion Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while landing from a jump', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Landing Ankle Dorsiflexion at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while landing from a jump', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Landing Loading Rate at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while landing from a jump', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Landing Loading Rate Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while landing from a jump', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Landing Loading Rate at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while landing from a jump', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'FG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '20'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '20'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '20'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '14'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '18'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '17'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '6'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '2'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '3'}]}]}]}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '60', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.'}, {'id': 'BG003', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Continuous', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '19.5', 'spread': '.8', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '21.9', 'spread': '3.9', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '20.9', 'spread': '3.2', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '20.7', 'spread': '3.1', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '15', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '8', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '40', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Hispanic or Latino', 'measurements': [{'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Not Hispanic or Latino', 'measurements': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '18', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Unknown or Not Reported', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Race (NIH/OMB)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'American Indian or Alaska Native', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Asian', 'measurements': [{'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Black or African American', 'measurements': [{'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'White', 'measurements': [{'value': '15', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '14', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '46', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'More than one race', 'measurements': [{'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Unknown or Not Reported', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Region of Enrollment', 'classes': [{'title': 'United States', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '60', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Ankle Instability Instrument', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '7.4', 'spread': '1.35', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '7.4', 'spread': '1.46', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '7.0', 'spread': '1.23', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '7.3', 'spread': '1.34', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': "The ankle instability instrument (AII) is a questionnaire used to capture self-reported data from the participant regarding history of ankle injury and perceived deficits in function. The outcome is the number of 'yes' responses to the questions asked.\n\nMinimum = 0 Maximum = 9 Higher scores = greater perceived disability.", 'unitOfMeasure': 'units on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Number of ankle sprains', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '4.5', 'spread': '3.5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '4.25', 'spread': '2.35', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '5.1', 'spread': '3.85', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '4.6', 'spread': '3.27', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'sprains', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Number of giving way episodes', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '7', 'spread': '1.56', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '10.4', 'spread': '16.13', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '9.15', 'spread': '8.63', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '8.85', 'spread': '11.2', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': 'A giving way episode is defined as an episode where the participant had the sensation that their ankle was about to give way but such an event did not result in a recurrent ankle sprain. The outcome is the number of giving way episodes within the past 6 months.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'giving way episodes', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.8', 'spread': '0.83', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '2.8', 'spread': '0.76', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '2.9', 'spread': '0.85', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '2.83', 'spread': '0.81', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': 'The Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale was used to determine if participants believe that receiving a manual therapy treatment would result in a positive outcome. This was captured via a single question using a Likert scale (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a higher perception that a manual therapy treatment would result in a positive outcome.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'units on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}]}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2017-10-11', 'size': 3619720, 'label': 'Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, and Informed Consent Form', 'hasIcf': True, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_ICF_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP_ICF', 'uploadDate': '2021-06-14T13:05', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['NA'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'SINGLE', 'whoMasked': ['OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR']}, 'primaryPurpose': 'BASIC_SCIENCE', 'interventionModel': 'PARALLEL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 60}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2018-09-01', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2021-07', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2020-10-09', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2021-08-25', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2018-01-24', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2021-07-24', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2018-01-24', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-08-27', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2021-08-25', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2018-02-01', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-08-27', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2020-10-09', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'otherOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Walking Ankle Dorsiflexion at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while walking.'}, {'measure': 'Walking Ankle Dorsiflexion Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while walking.'}, {'measure': 'Walking Ankle Dorsiflexion at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while walking.'}, {'measure': 'Walking Loading Rate at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while walking'}, {'measure': 'Walking Loading Rate Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while walking'}, {'measure': 'Walking Loading Rate at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while walking'}, {'measure': 'Landing Ankle Dorsiflexion at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while landing from a jump'}, {'measure': 'Landing Ankle Dorsiflexion Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while landing from a jump'}, {'measure': 'Landing Ankle Dorsiflexion at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Dorsiflexion angle of the ankle at initial contact while landing from a jump'}, {'measure': 'Landing Loading Rate at Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while landing from a jump'}, {'measure': 'Landing Loading Rate Immediately Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while landing from a jump'}, {'measure': 'Landing Loading Rate at 4-weeks Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': '4-weeks post intervention', 'description': 'Rate of weight acceptance while landing from a jump'}], 'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'ML COP Velocity From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of ML COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment."}, {'measure': 'ML COP Velocity From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of ML COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the Follow-Up assessment."}, {'measure': 'AP COP Velocity From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of AP COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\]. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment."}, {'measure': 'AP COP Velocity From Baseline to Follow-up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of AP COP velocity.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\] with eyes open and closed. COP velocity represents the average speed at which an individual's COP moves during the 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML COP Velocity that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML COP velocity increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A ML COP velocity change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment."}, {'measure': 'ML TTB From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of ML Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary (TTB) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. TTB represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML TTB decreased with eyes closed."}, {'measure': 'ML TTB From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of ML Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary (TTB) is calculated in the mediolateral (ML) direction \\[side to side\\] with eyes open and closed. TTB represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in ML TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as ML TTB decreased with eyes closed."}, {'measure': 'AP TTB From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "% Modulation of AP Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary (TTB) is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\] with eyes open and closed. TTB represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in AP TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as AP TTB decreased with eyes closed."}, {'measure': 'AP TTB From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "% Modulation of AP Time-to-Boundary.\n\nFirst, time-to-Boundary is calculated in the anterioposterior (AP) direction \\[front to back\\] with eyes open and closed. Time-to-boundary represents the time (s) it would take for a participant's center of pressure (i.e. vertical projection of the center of mass) to reach their base of support (i.e. boundary) based on the instantaneous position and velocity of the center of pressure. The base of support is represents the length and width of an individual's foot.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change in AP TTB that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes open balance score - eyes closed balance score) / eyes open balance score. Negative scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as AP TTB decreased with eyes closed."}, {'measure': '95% Confidence Ellipse From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': '% Modulation of 95% Confidence Ellipse.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) excursion \\[movement\\] is calculated and the magnitude of an ellipse that contains 95% of all data points is calculated with eyes open and closed. The resulting outcome is calculated from a 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as the variable increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': '95% Confidence Ellipse From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': '% Modulation of 95% Confidence Ellipse.\n\nFirst, center of pressure (COP) excursion \\[movement\\] is calculated and the magnitude of an ellipse that contains 95% of all data points is calculated with eyes open and closed. The resulting outcome is calculated from a 10 second single limb stance trial.\n\nNext, % modulation is calculated. This estimates the weight given to visual information during eyes open stance based on the magnitude of change that occurs when vision is removed relative to the eyes open condition (control condition). The following formula is used: % Modulation = (eyes closed balance score - eyes open balance score) / eyes open balance score. Positive scores indicate a greater reliance on visual information as the variable increased when eyes were closed relative to the eyes open condition. A change greater than the eyes open value would result in a value \\>100%. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Plantar Flexion Joint Position Sense From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Amount of error, measured in degrees, from a target angle of plantar flexion. Participants are shown a target ankle and asked to replicate that angle (i.e. joint position) with their eyes closed. The amount of error from the target angle is recorded as the joint position sense. Larger values (i.e. greater error) indicates worse joint position sense. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Plantar Flexion Joint Position Sense From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'Amount of error, measured in degrees, from a target angle of plantar flexion. Participants are shown a target ankle and asked to replicate that angle (i.e. joint position) with their eyes closed. The amount of error from the target angle is recorded as the joint position sense. Larger values (i.e. greater error) indicates worse joint position sense. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.'}, {'measure': '1st Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the head of the 1st metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. his analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': '1st Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the head of the 1st metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.'}, {'measure': '5th Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the base of the 5th metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': '5th Metatarsal Light-touch Threshold From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow Up', 'description': 'Minimal amount of pressure that can be detected by an individual at the base of the 5th metatarsal. Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, of different diameters (mm), are pressed against the skin using an established 4-2-1 stepping algorithm. Higher values (thresholds) indicate worse light touch sensation thresholds. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Soleus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.'}, {'measure': 'Soleus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.'}, {'measure': 'Fibularis Longus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.'}, {'measure': 'Fibularis Longus H:M Ratio From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'This measure shows the percentage of excited alpha motor neurons (H) within a muscle upon electrical stimulation, relative to the total number of alpha motor neurons in the same muscle (M). Higher scores represent a greater percentage of excitability (i.e. activation) and is thought to represent better function of the spinal motor pathway. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.\n\nThe test is performed using an electric stimulator and electromyography (EMG) to record muscle responses. Stimulation intensity is increased on sequential trials to capture both the H-wave and M-wave responses.'}, {'measure': 'Fibularis Longus Active Motor Threshold From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical excitability using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. A higher active motor threshold (AMT) indicates decreased excitability, as a greater stimulus intensity is required to elicit a motor evoke potential (MEP). This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Fibularis Longus Active Motor Threshold From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical excitability using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. A higher active motor threshold (AMT) indicates decreased excitability, as a greater stimulus intensity is required to elicit a motor evoke potential (MEP). This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Cortical Silent Period From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of corticospinal inhibition using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. The cortical silent period (CSP) will be measured as the distance from the end of the motor evoked potential (MEP) to a return of the mean electromyographic (EMG) signal plus two times the standard deviation of the baseline (pre-stimulus) EMG signal. A longer CSP indicates a greater corticospinal inhibition. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Cortical Silent Period From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of corticospinal inhibition using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. The cortical silent period (CSP) will be measured as the distance from the end of the motor evoked potential (MEP) to a return of the mean electromyographic (EMG) signal plus two times the standard deviation of the baseline (pre-stimulus) EMG signal. A longer CSP indicates a greater corticospinal inhibition. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Corticomotor Map Area From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "A measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map area is the number of stimulus positions whose stimulation evoked an average motor evoked potential ≥ the motor evoked potential threshold. An increase would suggest an expansion of the cortical representation of a selected muscle. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment."}, {'measure': 'Corticomotor Map Area From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "A measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map area is the number of stimulus positions whose stimulation evoked an average motor evoked potential ≥ the motor evoked potential threshold. An increase would suggest an expansion of the cortical representation of a selected muscle. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment."}, {'measure': 'Corticomotor Map Volume From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': "A measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map volume will be calculated as the sum of the mean normalized MEPs recorded with an increase suggesting greater cortical excitability. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment."}, {'measure': 'Corticomotor Map Volume From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': "measure representing the size of a muscle's cortical representation using transcranial electromagnetic stimulation. Map volume will be calculated as the sum of the mean normalized MEPs recorded with an increase suggesting greater cortical excitability. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment."}, {'measure': 'Alpha Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the alpha bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Alpha Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the alpha bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate follow-up assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Beta Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the beta bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Beta Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the beta bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Gamma Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Post Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 24-72 hours post intervention', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the gamma bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the immediate post-treatment assessment.'}, {'measure': 'Gamma Power Spectral Density From Baseline to Follow-Up', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline and 4-week Follow-Up', 'description': 'A measure of cortical activation using electroencephalography. Power spectral density (PSD) reflects the distribution of signal power over frequency (micro Volts). Higher PSDs indicate more cortical activity within the gamma bandwidth. This analysis focused on baseline to the follow-up assessment.'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': True, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'keywords': ['Ankle Instability', 'Manual Therapy', 'Massage', 'Ankle Joint Mobilization', 'Biomechanics', 'Neuromuscular'], 'conditions': ['Ankle Inversion Sprain', 'Chronic Instability of Joint']}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'ABSTRACT:\n\nInjury associated with sport and recreation is a leading reason for physical activity cessation, which is linked with significant long-term negative consequences. Lateral ankle sprains are the most common injuries associated with physical activity and at least 40% of individuals who sprain their ankle will go on to develop chronic ankle instability (CAI), a multifaceted condition linked with life-long residual symptoms and post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Our long term goal is to develop intervention strategies to decrease disability associated with acute and chronic ankle injury and prevent posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Conventional rehabilitation strategies, are only moderately successful because they ignore the full spectrum of residual symptoms associated with CAI. Manual therapies such as ankle joint mobilizations and plantar massage target sensory pathways not addressed by conventional treatments and have been shown to improve patient-reported outcomes, dorsiflexion range of motion, and postural control in CAI patients. While these early results are promising, the underlying neuromuscular mechanisms of these manual therapies remain unknown. Therefore the objective of this R21 proposal is to determine the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the improvements observed following independent ankle joint mobilization and plantar massage interventions in CAI patients. To comprehensively evaluate the neuromuscular mechanisms of the experimental treatments, baseline assessments of peripheral (ankle joint proprioception, light-touch detection thresholds, spinal (H-Reflex of the soleus and fibularis longus), and supraspinal mechanisms (cortical activation, cortical excitability, and cortical mapping, sensory organization) will be assessed. Participants will then be randomly assigned to receive ankle joint mobilizations (n=20), plantar massage (n=20), or a control intervention (n=20) which will consist of 6, 5-minute treatments over 2-weeks. Post-intervention assessments will be completed within 48-hours of the final treatment session. Separate ANOVAs will assess the effects of treatment group (ankle joint mobilization, plantar massage, control) and time (baseline, post-treatment) on peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal neuromuscular mechanisms in CAI participants. Associations among neuromuscular mechanisms and secondary measures (biomechanics and postural control) will also be assessed. The results of this investigation will elucidate multifaceted mechanisms of novel and effective manual therapies (ankle joint mobilizations and plantar massage) in those with CAI.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT'], 'maximumAge': '35 Years', 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': False, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion criteria:\n\nIndividuals with Chronic Ankle Instability which will be defined as those individuals who:\n\n* have sustained at least two lateral ankle sprains;\n* have experienced at least one episode of giving way within the past 6-months;\n* answer 4 or more questions of "yes" on the Ankle Instability Instrument;\n* have self-assessed disability scores of ≤90% on the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure;\n* have self-assessed disability scores ≤80% on the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Sport.\n\nExclusion criteria for Chronic Ankle Instability will include:\n\n* known vestibular and vision problems,\n* acute lower extremities and head injuries (\\<6 weeks),\n* chronic musculoskeletal conditions known to affect balance (e.g., Anterior Cruciate Ligament deficiency) and\n* a history of ankle surgeries to fix internal derangement.\n\nParticipants will also be excluded if they have any of the following which are contraindications to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation testing:\n\n* metal anywhere in the head (except in the mouth),\n* pacemakers,\n* implantable medical pumps,\n* ventriculo-peritoneal shunts,\n* intracardiac lines,\n* history of seizures,\n* history of stroke\n* history of serious head trauma.'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT03418051', 'briefTitle': 'Mechanisms of Manual Therapies in CAI Patients', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill'}, 'officialTitle': 'Neuromuscular Mechanisms of Manual Therapies in Chronic Ankle Instability Patients', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': '17-2655'}, 'secondaryIdInfos': [{'id': '1R21AT009704-01', 'link': 'https://reporter.nih.gov/quickSearch/1R21AT009704-01', 'type': 'NIH'}]}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'NO_INTERVENTION', 'label': 'Control', 'description': 'Control group that will receive no intervention throughout the duration of the study (2-weeks).'}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Joint Mobilization', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade III anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.', 'interventionNames': ['Other: Joint Mobilization']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Massage', 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage bouts with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.', 'interventionNames': ['Other: Massage']}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Joint Mobilization', 'type': 'OTHER', 'otherNames': ['Ankle Joint Mobilization'], 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of Grade II anterior to posterior ankle joint mobilizations with 1-minute between sets. Mobilizations will be large-amplitude, 1-s rhythmic oscillations from the mid- to end range of arthrokinematic motion.', 'armGroupLabels': ['Joint Mobilization']}, {'name': 'Massage', 'type': 'OTHER', 'otherNames': ['Plantar Massage'], 'description': 'Participants will receive 6, 5-minute treatment sessions over 2-weeks. Each session will consist of 2, 2-minute bouts of plantar massage with 1-minute between sets. The massage will be a combination of petrissage and effleurage to the entire plantar surface.', 'armGroupLabels': ['Massage']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '27599', 'city': 'Chapel Hill', 'state': 'North Carolina', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'Fetzer Hall', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 35.9132, 'lon': -79.05584}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Erik Wikstrom, PhD', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': 'University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill'}]}, 'ipdSharingStatementModule': {'infoTypes': ['STUDY_PROTOCOL', 'SAP'], 'timeFrame': 'Data will be available following completion of the study for two years.', 'ipdSharing': 'YES', 'description': 'The entire dataset will link the outcomes and demographics but will be devoid of patient identifying information. Upon completion of the study, this information will be available to those who request the data, meet the access criteria, and agree to a data use agreement.', 'accessCriteria': 'Data will be made available to other investigators that contact the PI and provide written commitment (i.e. data use agreement) to: 1) only use the data for purposes currently unplanned by the principal investigators or co-investigators; 2) only use the data for research purposes and not to contact patients or potential future research subjects; 3) securing the data using appropriate computer technology; as well as 4) destroying or returning the data following completion of data analysis.'}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'collaborators': [{'name': 'National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)', 'class': 'NIH'}], 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'SPONSOR'}}}}