Raw JSON
{'hasResults': False, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'conditionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D010146', 'term': 'Pain'}, {'id': 'D005660', 'term': 'Funnel Chest'}, {'id': 'D012600', 'term': 'Scoliosis'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D009461', 'term': 'Neurologic Manifestations'}, {'id': 'D012816', 'term': 'Signs and Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D013568', 'term': 'Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D001848', 'term': 'Bone Diseases, Developmental'}, {'id': 'D001847', 'term': 'Bone Diseases'}, {'id': 'D009140', 'term': 'Musculoskeletal Diseases'}, {'id': 'D009139', 'term': 'Musculoskeletal Abnormalities'}, {'id': 'D000013', 'term': 'Congenital Abnormalities'}, {'id': 'D009358', 'term': 'Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities'}, {'id': 'D013121', 'term': 'Spinal Curvatures'}, {'id': 'D013122', 'term': 'Spinal Diseases'}]}, 'interventionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D008499', 'term': 'Medical Records'}, {'id': 'D057286', 'term': 'Electronic Health Records'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D011996', 'term': 'Records'}, {'id': 'D003625', 'term': 'Data Collection'}, {'id': 'D004812', 'term': 'Epidemiologic Methods'}, {'id': 'D008919', 'term': 'Investigative Techniques'}, {'id': 'D009934', 'term': 'Organization and Administration'}, {'id': 'D006298', 'term': 'Health Services Administration'}, {'id': 'D017531', 'term': 'Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms'}, {'id': 'D011787', 'term': 'Quality of Health Care'}, {'id': 'D017530', 'term': 'Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation'}, {'id': 'D011634', 'term': 'Public Health'}, {'id': 'D004778', 'term': 'Environment and Public Health'}, {'id': 'D016347', 'term': 'Medical Records Systems, Computerized'}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'bioSpec': {'retention': 'SAMPLES_WITH_DNA', 'description': 'Saliva Blood'}, 'studyType': 'OBSERVATIONAL', 'designInfo': {'timePerspective': 'PROSPECTIVE', 'observationalModel': 'CASE_CONTROL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 576}, 'patientRegistry': False}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2013-03'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2024-02', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2022-12-30', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2024-02-21', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2013-03-11', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2013-03-15', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2024-02-22', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2013-03-19', 'type': 'ESTIMATED'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2020-11-04', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'otherOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Association between specific genotypes and pain sensitivity, reported postoperative pain, and opioid response', 'timeFrame': 'Postoperative surgery, up to two weeks', 'description': 'To explore association between specific genotypes (in addition to CYP2D6) and pain sensitivity, reported postoperative pain, and opioid response (pain reduction and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs))'}], 'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Feasibility of PreEmptive Genotyping Testing', 'timeFrame': 'From initial clinic visit to post-operative discharge, expected average of three months', 'description': 'The Investigator will use descriptive and summary statistics to determine the feasibility of preemptive CYP2D6 testing in children evaluated during a clinic visit for potential surgery.'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Analgesia Effectiveness', 'timeFrame': 'Admission for surgery, up to two weeks', 'description': 'Pain score (NRS 0 - 10) before and after each oral opioid dose (we will use time between the before and after pain score measures as a covariate)'}, {'measure': 'Analgesia Toxicity', 'timeFrame': 'Admission for surgery, up to two weeks', 'description': '1. At least 1 documented ADR;\n2. Total number of documented ADRs;\n3. Total number of ADR related responses in "Pain Medicine Report" answered "sometimes" or "always";\n4. Total number of documented GI related ADRs - nausea (yes/no) and vomiting (yes/no);\n5. Total number of documented central nervous system (CNS) ADRs (Modified Ramsay scores \\> 4 and respiratory rate (RR) indicative of respiratory depression; and oxygen saturations (SpO2) \\< 90% on room air; and need for supplemental oxygen; and response of "always" for "Pain Medicine Report" question, "When you took the pain medicine, how often did it make you fall asleep?"'}, {'measure': 'Analgesia Effectiveness', 'timeFrame': 'Admission for surgery, up to two weeks', 'description': 'Participant related responses in "Pain Medicine Report"'}, {'measure': 'Analgesia Effectiveness', 'timeFrame': 'Admission for surgery, up to two weeks', 'description': 'Total number of rescue IV pain medication doses'}, {'measure': 'Analgesia Effectiveness', 'timeFrame': 'Admission for surgery, up to two weeks', 'description': 'Total number of concomitant analgesic adjunct medications such as muscle relaxants, acetaminophen.'}, {'measure': 'Analgesia Effectiveness', 'timeFrame': 'Admission for surgery, up to two weeks', 'description': 'Total mg/kg 24hr dose of oral opioids'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'keywords': ['Preemptive genetic testing', 'Pain', 'Pediatrics', 'Orthopedics', 'Pectus excavatum', 'Scoliosis'], 'conditions': ['Pain']}, 'referencesModule': {'references': [{'pmid': '20006257', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Sadhasivam S, Boat A, Mahmoud M. Comparison of patient-controlled analgesia with and without dexmedetomidine following spine surgery in children. J Clin Anesth. 2009 Nov;21(7):493-501. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2008.12.017.'}, {'pmid': '18635469', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Voepel-Lewis T, Marinkovic A, Kostrzewa A, Tait AR, Malviya S. The prevalence of and risk factors for adverse events in children receiving patient-controlled analgesia by proxy or patient-controlled analgesia after surgery. Anesth Analg. 2008 Jul;107(1):70-5. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318172fa9e.'}, {'pmid': '11298174', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Aubrun F, Monsel S, Langeron O, Coriat P, Riou B. Postoperative titration of intravenous morphine. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2001 Mar;18(3):159-65. doi: 10.1046/j.0265-0215.2000.00796.x.'}, {'pmid': '16103897', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Ross JR, Rutter D, Welsh K, Joel SP, Goller K, Wells AU, Du Bois R, Riley J. Clinical response to morphine in cancer patients and genetic variation in candidate genes. Pharmacogenomics J. 2005;5(5):324-36. doi: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500327.'}, {'pmid': '18075450', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': "D'Arcy Y. One opioid does not fit all. Nurse Pract. 2007 Nov;32(11):7-8. doi: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000298262.47655.14. No abstract available."}, {'pmid': '19224789', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Sadhasivam S, Cohen LL, Szabova A, Varughese A, Kurth CD, Willging P, Wang Y, Nick TG, Gunter J. Real-time assessment of perioperative behaviors and prediction of perioperative outcomes. Anesth Analg. 2009 Mar;108(3):822-6. doi: 10.1213/ane.0b013e318195c115.'}, {'pmid': '8930721', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Beaulieu P, Cyrenne L, Mathews S, Villeneuve E, Vischoff D. Patient-controlled analgesia after spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. 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Variable response to opioid treatment: any genetic predictors within sight? Palliat Med. 2008 Jun;22(4):310-27. doi: 10.1177/0269216308089302.'}, {'pmid': '22492761', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Kelly LE, Rieder M, van den Anker J, Malkin B, Ross C, Neely MN, Carleton B, Hayden MR, Madadi P, Koren G. More codeine fatalities after tonsillectomy in North American children. Pediatrics. 2012 May;129(5):e1343-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-2538. Epub 2012 Apr 9.'}, {'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Codeine use in certain children after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy may lead to rare, but life-threatening adverse events or death. http://wwwfdagov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm313631htm. Accessed 8/15/2012August 15, 2012'}, {'pmid': '6484774', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Shipton EA, Muller FO, Herhold WJ, De Vaal JB. Ingestion of codeine and salicylic acid causing convulsions and coma. A case report. 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No abstract available.'}, {'pmid': '18936971', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Hermanns-Clausen M, Weinmann W, Auwarter V, Ferreiros N, Trittler R, Muller C, Pahl A, Superti-Furga A, Hentschel R. Drug dosing error with drops: severe clinical course of codeine intoxication in twins. Eur J Pediatr. 2009 Jul;168(7):819-24. doi: 10.1007/s00431-008-0842-7. Epub 2008 Oct 21.'}, {'pmid': '15039299', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Lalovic B, Phillips B, Risler LL, Howald W, Shen DD. Quantitative contribution of CYP2D6 and CYP3A to oxycodone metabolism in human liver and intestinal microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2004 Apr;32(4):447-54. doi: 10.1124/dmd.32.4.447.'}, {'pmid': '19719813', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Zwisler ST, Enggaard TP, Mikkelsen S, Brosen K, Sindrup SH. Impact of the CYP2D6 genotype on post-operative intravenous oxycodone analgesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010 Feb;54(2):232-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2009.02104.x. Epub 2009 Aug 31.'}, {'pmid': '7693389', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Otton SV, Schadel M, Cheung SW, Kaplan HL, Busto UE, Sellers EM. CYP2D6 phenotype determines the metabolic conversion of hydrocodone to hydromorphone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1993 Nov;54(5):463-72. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1993.177.'}, {'pmid': '21677572', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Smith HS. The metabolism of opioid agents and the clinical impact of their active metabolites. Clin J Pain. 2011 Nov-Dec;27(9):824-38. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e31821d8ac1.'}, {'pmid': '17570739', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Gan SH, Ismail R, Wan Adnan WA, Zulmi W. Impact of CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism on tramadol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Mol Diagn Ther. 2007;11(3):171-81. doi: 10.1007/BF03256239.'}, {'pmid': '21735164', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Andreassen TN, Eftedal I, Klepstad P, Davies A, Bjordal K, Lundstrom S, Kaasa S, Dale O. Do CYP2D6 genotypes reflect oxycodone requirements for cancer patients treated for cancer pain? A cross-sectional multicentre study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Jan;68(1):55-64. doi: 10.1007/s00228-011-1093-5. Epub 2011 Jul 7.'}, {'pmid': '21880331', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Lam J, Kelly L, Ciszkowski C, Landsmeer ML, Nauta M, Carleton BC, Hayden MR, Madadi P, Koren G. Central nervous system depression of neonates breastfed by mothers receiving oxycodone for postpartum analgesia. J Pediatr. 2012 Jan;160(1):33-7.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.06.050. Epub 2011 Aug 31.'}, {'pmid': '22694279', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Sadhasivam S, Myer CM 3rd. Preventing opioid-related deaths in children undergoing surgery. Pain Med. 2012 Jul;13(7):982-3; author reply 984. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2012.01419.x. Epub 2012 Jun 13.'}, {'pmid': '10961373', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Gillen C, Haurand M, Kobelt DJ, Wnendt S. Affinity, potency and efficacy of tramadol and its metabolites at the cloned human mu-opioid receptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Aug;362(2):116-21. doi: 10.1007/s002100000266.'}, {'pmid': '14499440', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Stamer UM, Lehnen K, Hothker F, Bayerer B, Wolf S, Hoeft A, Stuber F. Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on postoperative tramadol analgesia. Pain. 2003 Sep;105(1-2):231-8. doi: 10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00212-4.'}, {'pmid': '22205192', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Crews KR, Gaedigk A, Dunnenberger HM, Klein TE, Shen DD, Callaghan JT, Kharasch ED, Skaar TC; Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines for codeine therapy in the context of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) genotype. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Feb;91(2):321-6. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2011.287. Epub 2011 Dec 28.'}, {'pmid': '8769309', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Lovlie R, Daly AK, Molven A, Idle JR, Steen VM. Ultrarapid metabolizers of debrisoquine: characterization and PCR-based detection of alleles with duplication of the CYP2D6 gene. FEBS Lett. 1996 Aug 19;392(1):30-4. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00779-x.'}, {'pmid': '19359097', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': "von Baeyer CL, Spagrud LJ, McCormick JC, Choo E, Neville K, Connelly MA. Three new datasets supporting use of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) for children's self-reports of pain intensity. Pain. 2009 Jun;143(3):223-227. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.03.002. Epub 2009 Apr 8."}, {'pmid': '12205283', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Bulloch B, Tenenbein M. Validation of 2 pain scales for use in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics. 2002 Sep;110(3):e33. doi: 10.1542/peds.110.3.e33.'}, {'pmid': '4835444', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Ramsay MA, Savege TM, Simpson BR, Goodwin R. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J. 1974 Jun 22;2(5920):656-9. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5920.656.'}, {'pmid': '16389370', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Ramsay MA. Anesthesia and pain management at Baylor University Medical Center. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2000 Apr;13(2):151-65. doi: 10.1080/08998280.2000.11927660. No abstract available.'}, {'pmid': '12393765', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Paqueron X, Lumbroso A, Mergoni P, Aubrun F, Langeron O, Coriat P, Riou B. Is morphine-induced sedation synonymous with analgesia during intravenous morphine titration? Br J Anaesth. 2002 Nov;89(5):697-701.'}, {'pmid': '16135132', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': "Whitlock MC. Combining probability from independent tests: the weighted Z-method is superior to Fisher's approach. J Evol Biol. 2005 Sep;18(5):1368-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00917.x."}, {'pmid': '34029273', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': 'Packiasabapathy S, Zhang X, Ding L, Aruldhas BW, Pawale D, Sadhasivam S. Quantitative Pupillometry as a Predictor of Pediatric Postoperative Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression. Anesth Analg. 2021 Oct 1;133(4):991-999. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000005579.'}]}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'The purpose of this study is to see if testing for genes related to pain and pain management before surgery affects how patients are treated for pain after surgery. The investigators want to know if this information will be used to effectively treat patients for pain after surgery if the clinical staff have a chance to review it before the surgery.', 'detailedDescription': 'Purpose: To determine the feasibility of preemptive (preoperative) cytochrome P450 isoenzyme (CYP2D6) testing and the variability of clinical measures (postoperative) in children whose opioid selection and dosing is influenced by preemptive CYP2D6 testing compared to children whose pain management does not include CYP2D6 preemptive testing. Results from this pilot study will inform a future study investigating the utility of preemptive pharmacogenomic testing in children at risk for requiring inpatient acute pain management with opioids.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['CHILD', 'ADULT'], 'maximumAge': '21 Years', 'minimumAge': '6 Years', 'samplingMethod': 'NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE', 'studyPopulation': 'Pediatric patients scheduled for scoliosis and pectus excavatum surgeries.', 'healthyVolunteers': False, 'eligibilityCriteria': "Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Children, 6-17 years of age and adults, 18 - 21 years with idiopathic scoliosis and/or pectus excavatum scheduled for surgical clinic visit\n* BMI \\< 30\n* Cognitively able to use a 0 - 10 numerical rating scale (NRS) to report level of pain\n* Parents give permission (and children give assent when appropriate) or adult participants give consent for CYP2D6 results to be placed in Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC's) EPIC\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* • Who had prior surgery for idiopathic scoliosis and/or pectus excavatum\n\n * Who have prior CYP2D6 testing or Genetic Pharmacology Service (GPS) Psychiatry Panel documented in EPIC\n * Who are taking prescription medication known to inhibit or induce CYP2D6\n * Who are taking prescription medication known to inhibit (e.g. voriconazole) or induce (e.g. carbamazepine and rifampin) CYP3A4\n * Who have liver or renal failure\n * Who have history of narcotic abuse"}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT01813695', 'briefTitle': 'Preemptive Genotyping and Pain Management', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': "Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati"}, 'officialTitle': 'Preemptive Genotyping of Children and Adolescents at Risk for Surgery and Subsequent Pain Management', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': '2013-0853'}, 'secondaryIdInfos': [{'id': 'NIH 3U01 HG006828-01S1', 'type': 'OTHER_GRANT', 'domain': 'NIH Supplement Award'}]}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'label': 'Preemptive', 'description': 'Patients with genotype testing entered into electronic medical record for consideration and opioid administration postoperatively.', 'interventionNames': ['Procedure: Preemptive genotyping in medical record']}, {'label': 'Control', 'description': 'Genetic sample taken but withheld from electronic medical record.', 'interventionNames': ['Procedure: Genotyping not included in electronic medical record']}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Preemptive genotyping in medical record', 'type': 'PROCEDURE', 'armGroupLabels': ['Preemptive']}, {'name': 'Genotyping not included in electronic medical record', 'type': 'PROCEDURE', 'armGroupLabels': ['Control']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '45229', 'city': 'Cincinnati', 'state': 'Ohio', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': "Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center", 'geoPoint': {'lat': 39.12711, 'lon': -84.51439}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Senthilkumar Sadhasivam, MD, MPH', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': "Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati"}]}, 'ipdSharingStatementModule': {'ipdSharing': 'NO'}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': "Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati", 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'SPONSOR'}}}}