Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-24 @ 11:16 PM
Ignite Modification Date:
2025-12-25 @ 8:53 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT04502056
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2021-07-27
First Post:
2020-08-02
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
False
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Covid-19 Messaging to Underserved Communities - 2nd Experiment
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'conditionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D000086382', 'term': 'COVID-19'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D011024', 'term': 'Pneumonia, Viral'}, {'id': 'D011014', 'term': 'Pneumonia'}, {'id': 'D012141', 'term': 'Respiratory Tract Infections'}, {'id': 'D007239', 'term': 'Infections'}, {'id': 'D014777', 'term': 'Virus Diseases'}, {'id': 'D018352', 'term': 'Coronavirus Infections'}, {'id': 'D003333', 'term': 'Coronaviridae Infections'}, {'id': 'D030341', 'term': 'Nidovirales Infections'}, {'id': 'D012327', 'term': 'RNA Virus Infections'}, {'id': 'D008171', 'term': 'Lung Diseases'}, {'id': 'D012140', 'term': 'Respiratory Tract Diseases'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'tloisel@povertyactionlab.org', 'phone': '6307476739', 'title': 'Tristan Loisel', 'organization': 'JPAL North America'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': False, 'restrictiveAgreement': False}, 'limitationsAndCaveats': {'description': "1\\. It was conducted online, and the participants may not be representative of the population with less than a college degree, since they have access to the internet and are used to participating in online studies; 2. Participants' preventive health behaviors were not directly observed; 3. Outcomes might be subject to social desirability bias."}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': '31 days', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - B- B - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color .\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2046, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2046, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2046, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - B - B - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2044, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2044, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2044, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG002', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2045, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2045, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2045, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG003', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2046, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2046, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2046, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG004', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color .\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2044, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2044, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2044, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG005', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2052, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2052, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2052, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG006', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2046, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2046, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2046, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG007', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted', 'otherNumAtRisk': 2043, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 2043, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 2043, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG008', 'title': 'Control: AMA RI - B - B', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA', 'otherNumAtRisk': 1026, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 1026, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 1026, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG009', 'title': 'Control: AMA RI - W - W', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nWhite Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA', 'otherNumAtRisk': 1025, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 1025, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 1025, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG010', 'title': 'Control: AMA DP - B - B', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing', 'otherNumAtRisk': 1023, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 1023, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 1023, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG011', 'title': 'Control: AMA DP - W - W', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nWhite Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing', 'otherNumAtRisk': 1020, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 1020, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 1020, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14999', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3763', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Intervention', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to any intervention groups'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to a control group'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.214', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.211', 'upperLimit': '0.217'}, {'value': '0.241', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.235', 'upperLimit': '0.246'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'proportion of knowledge gaps', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention - Follow up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '4819', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1211', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Intervention', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to any intervention groups'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to a control group'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.241', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.238', 'upperLimit': '0.244'}, {'value': '0.250', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.243', 'upperLimit': '0.256'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. Incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'proportion of knowledge gaps', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate for Information-seeking Behavior: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14569', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3654', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Intervention', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to any intervention groups'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to a control group'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.338', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.332', 'upperLimit': '0.344'}, {'value': '0.320', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.308', 'upperLimit': '0.332'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to five links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'proportion of links', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate - Safety Gap Score: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '4823', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1212', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Intervention', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to any intervention groups'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to a control group'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.450', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.440', 'upperLimit': '0.460'}, {'value': '0.465', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.445', 'upperLimit': '0.484'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention.', 'description': 'Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'proportion of safety gaps', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '13399', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3360', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Intervention', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to any intervention groups'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to a control group'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '14.580', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '14.148', 'upperLimit': '14.741'}, {'value': '14.072', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '13.762', 'upperLimit': '14.382'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'dollar', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18762', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18762', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18762', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '18762', 'groupId': 'OG003'}, {'value': '18762', 'groupId': 'OG004'}, {'value': '18762', 'groupId': 'OG005'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a message delivered by a Black doctor and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor'}, {'id': 'OG004', 'title': 'Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message.'}, {'id': 'OG005', 'title': 'Intervention Group vs. Control Group', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '1.01', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.96', 'upperLimit': '1.06'}, {'value': '0.99', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.94', 'upperLimit': '1.04'}, {'value': '1.01', 'groupId': 'OG002', 'lowerLimit': '0.98', 'upperLimit': '1.03'}, {'value': '0.99', 'groupId': 'OG003', 'lowerLimit': '0.95', 'upperLimit': '1.04'}, {'value': '0.99', 'groupId': 'OG004', 'lowerLimit': '0.95', 'upperLimit': '1.03'}, {'value': '0.89', 'groupId': 'OG005', 'lowerLimit': '0.85', 'upperLimit': '0.93'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'ratio', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:\n\n1. within the intervention group; or\n2. within the control group; or\n3. across the intervention and control groups.\n\nArms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap - Follow up', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '6030', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '6030', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '6030', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '6030', 'groupId': 'OG003'}, {'value': '6030', 'groupId': 'OG004'}, {'value': '6030', 'groupId': 'OG005'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a message delivered by a Black doctor and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor'}, {'id': 'OG004', 'title': 'Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message.'}, {'id': 'OG005', 'title': 'Intervention Group vs. Control Group', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.98', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.90', 'upperLimit': '1.07'}, {'value': '0.98', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.90', 'upperLimit': '1.07'}, {'value': '1.01', 'groupId': 'OG002', 'lowerLimit': '0.98', 'upperLimit': '1.05'}, {'value': '1.01', 'groupId': 'OG003', 'lowerLimit': '0.94', 'upperLimit': '1.09'}, {'value': '0.98', 'groupId': 'OG004', 'lowerLimit': '0.91', 'upperLimit': '1.06'}, {'value': '0.97', 'groupId': 'OG005', 'lowerLimit': '0.90', 'upperLimit': '1.04'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'ratio', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:\n\n1. within the intervention group; or\n2. within the control group; or\n3. across the intervention and control groups.\n\nArms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Information-seeking Behavior', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '18223', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '18223', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '18223', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '18223', 'groupId': 'OG003'}, {'value': '18223', 'groupId': 'OG004'}, {'value': '18223', 'groupId': 'OG005'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a message delivered by a Black doctor and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor'}, {'id': 'OG004', 'title': 'Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message.'}, {'id': 'OG005', 'title': 'Intervention Group vs. Control Group', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '1.04', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.95', 'upperLimit': '1.14'}, {'value': '1.03', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.93', 'upperLimit': '1.13'}, {'value': '1.02', 'groupId': 'OG002', 'lowerLimit': '0.98', 'upperLimit': '1.07'}, {'value': '0.96', 'groupId': 'OG003', 'lowerLimit': '0.89', 'upperLimit': '1.05'}, {'value': '0.97', 'groupId': 'OG004', 'lowerLimit': '0.89', 'upperLimit': '1.05'}, {'value': '1.01', 'groupId': 'OG005', 'lowerLimit': '0.93', 'upperLimit': '1.10'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to 5 links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'ratio', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:\n\n1. within the intervention group; or\n2. within the control group; or\n3. across the intervention and control groups.\n\nArms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Safety Gap Score', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '6035', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '6035', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '6035', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '6035', 'groupId': 'OG003'}, {'value': '6035', 'groupId': 'OG004'}, {'value': '6035', 'groupId': 'OG005'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a message delivered by a Black doctor and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor'}, {'id': 'OG004', 'title': 'Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message.'}, {'id': 'OG005', 'title': 'Intervention Group vs. Control Group', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '1.04', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '0.95', 'upperLimit': '1.14'}, {'value': '1.03', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '0.93', 'upperLimit': '1.12'}, {'value': '1.01', 'groupId': 'OG002', 'lowerLimit': '0.97', 'upperLimit': '1.05'}, {'value': '0.97', 'groupId': 'OG003', 'lowerLimit': '0.89', 'upperLimit': '1.05'}, {'value': '0.95', 'groupId': 'OG004', 'lowerLimit': '0.87', 'upperLimit': '1.03'}, {'value': '0.93', 'groupId': 'OG005', 'lowerLimit': '0.86', 'upperLimit': '1.01'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention.', 'description': 'Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'ratio', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:\n\n1. within the intervention group; or\n2. within the control group; or\n3. across the intervention and control groups.\n\nArms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'OLS Regression Coefficients - Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '16759', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '16759', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '16759', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '16759', 'groupId': 'OG003'}, {'value': '16759', 'groupId': 'OG004'}, {'value': '16759', 'groupId': 'OG005'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a message delivered by a Black doctor and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages.'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B)', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor'}, {'id': 'OG004', 'title': 'Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message.'}, {'id': 'OG005', 'title': 'Intervention Group vs. Control Group', 'description': 'The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages.'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.21', 'groupId': 'OG000', 'lowerLimit': '-0.91', 'upperLimit': '0.49'}, {'value': '-0.29', 'groupId': 'OG001', 'lowerLimit': '-0.99', 'upperLimit': '0.41'}, {'value': '0.07', 'groupId': 'OG002', 'lowerLimit': '-0.24', 'upperLimit': '0.39'}, {'value': '0.17', 'groupId': 'OG003', 'lowerLimit': '-0.45', 'upperLimit': '0.80'}, {'value': '0.32', 'groupId': 'OG004', 'lowerLimit': '-0.30', 'upperLimit': '0.95'}, {'value': '0.71', 'groupId': 'OG005', 'lowerLimit': '0.09', 'upperLimit': '1.34'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card. The regression coefficients compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for WTP masks).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'dollar', 'dispersionType': '95% Confidence Interval', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:\n\n1. within the intervention group; or\n2. within the control group; or\n3. across the intervention and control groups.\n\nArms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title.'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - B- B - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color .\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - B - B - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted'}, {'id': 'FG002', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video'}, {'id': 'FG003', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted'}, {'id': 'FG004', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color .\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing'}, {'id': 'FG005', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAfrican American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted'}, {'id': 'FG006', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nRacial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video'}, {'id': 'FG007', 'title': 'Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing\n\nWhite Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement\n\nWhite Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video\n\nNo Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted'}, {'id': 'FG008', 'title': 'Control: AMA RI - B - B', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA'}, {'id': 'FG009', 'title': 'Control: AMA RI - W - W', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nWhite Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA'}, {'id': 'FG010', 'title': 'Control: AMA DP - B - B', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing'}, {'id': 'FG011', 'title': 'Control: AMA DP - W - W', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nWhite Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '2046'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '2044'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '2045'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '2046'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '2044'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '2052'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '2046'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '2043'}, {'groupId': 'FG008', 'numSubjects': '1026'}, {'groupId': 'FG009', 'numSubjects': '1025'}, {'groupId': 'FG010', 'numSubjects': '1023'}, {'groupId': 'FG011', 'numSubjects': '1020'}]}, {'type': 'Completed the Knowledge Questions, Included for the Knowledge Gaps Analysis', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '1859'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '1881'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '1879'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '1886'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '1846'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '1877'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '1888'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '1883'}, {'groupId': 'FG008', 'numSubjects': '947'}, {'groupId': 'FG009', 'numSubjects': '942'}, {'groupId': 'FG010', 'numSubjects': '946'}, {'groupId': 'FG011', 'numSubjects': '928'}]}, {'type': 'Completed the Entire Survey, Included for All Analysis Besides Knowledge Gaps, Except Follow-up', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '1799'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '1828'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '1830'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '1835'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '1792'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '1820'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '1821'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '1844'}, {'groupId': 'FG008', 'numSubjects': '914'}, {'groupId': 'FG009', 'numSubjects': '912'}, {'groupId': 'FG010', 'numSubjects': '928'}, {'groupId': 'FG011', 'numSubjects': '900'}]}, {'type': 'Completed the Follow-up Survey', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '608'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '607'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '591'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '601'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '631'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '598'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '607'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '607'}, {'groupId': 'FG008', 'numSubjects': '301'}, {'groupId': 'FG009', 'numSubjects': '313'}, {'groupId': 'FG010', 'numSubjects': '291'}, {'groupId': 'FG011', 'numSubjects': '316'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'comment': 'Participants who completed follow-up and have no missing on baseline observables, included for follow-up analysis', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '604'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '602'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '586'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '597'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '626'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '596'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '605'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '603'}, {'groupId': 'FG008', 'numSubjects': '298'}, {'groupId': 'FG009', 'numSubjects': '311'}, {'groupId': 'FG010', 'numSubjects': '288'}, {'groupId': 'FG011', 'numSubjects': '614'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '1442'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '1442'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '1459'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '1449'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '1418'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '1456'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '1441'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '1440'}, {'groupId': 'FG008', 'numSubjects': '728'}, {'groupId': 'FG009', 'numSubjects': '714'}, {'groupId': 'FG010', 'numSubjects': '735'}, {'groupId': 'FG011', 'numSubjects': '406'}]}]}]}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '14145', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3544', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '17689', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Intervention', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to any intervention groups'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Control', 'description': 'Participants who are assigned to a control group'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Continuous', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '40.20', 'spread': '17.83', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '40.30', 'spread': '17.73', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '40.22', 'spread': '17.81', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '7907', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1973', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '9880', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '6238', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1571', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '7809', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Race (NIH/OMB)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'American Indian or Alaska Native', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Asian', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Black or African American', 'measurements': [{'value': '6303', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1576', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '7879', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'White', 'measurements': [{'value': '7842', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1968', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '9810', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'More than one race', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Unknown or Not Reported', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Region of Enrollment', 'classes': [{'title': 'United States', 'categories': [{'title': 'Northeast, United States', 'measurements': [{'value': '2424', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '600', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3024', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Midwest, United States', 'measurements': [{'value': '3114', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '770', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3884', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'South, United States', 'measurements': [{'value': '6397', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1649', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '8046', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'West, United States', 'measurements': [{'value': '2210', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '525', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '2735', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'High school graduate', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '12009', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3007', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '15016', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Household income above 60k', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3356', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '850', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '4206', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Party Affiliation', 'classes': [{'title': 'Democrat', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '5594', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1383', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '6977', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Republican', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3494', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '882', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '4376', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Independent', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '5057', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1279', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '6336', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Preventive practices: mask in (always)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '9648', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '2458', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '12106', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Preventive practices: mask out (always)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '4408', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1109', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '5517', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Preventive practices: wash hands (always)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '8688', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '2091', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '10779', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Preventive practices: distance (always)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '7571', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1890', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '9461', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}], 'populationDescription': 'Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis.'}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2020-09-04', 'size': 356911, 'label': 'Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP', 'uploadDate': '2021-05-26T12:21', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['NA'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'NONE'}, 'primaryPurpose': 'PREVENTION', 'interventionModel': 'PARALLEL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 20460}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2020-08-07', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2021-07', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2020-09-06', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2021-07-24', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2020-08-02', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2021-05-28', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2020-08-04', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-07-27', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2021-07-24', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2020-08-06', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-07-27', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2020-09-06', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10.'}, {'measure': 'Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention - Follow up', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. Incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10.'}, {'measure': 'Incidence Rate for Information-seeking Behavior: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to five links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5.'}, {'measure': 'Incidence Rate - Safety Gap Score: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention.', 'description': 'Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4.'}, {'measure': 'Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks: Control vs. Any Intervention', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card.'}, {'measure': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.'}, {'measure': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap - Follow up', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention', 'description': 'Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.'}, {'measure': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Information-seeking Behavior', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to 5 links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.'}, {'measure': 'Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Safety Gap Score', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention.', 'description': 'Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression.'}, {'measure': 'OLS Regression Coefficients - Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks', 'timeFrame': 'The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey.', 'description': 'WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card. The regression coefficients compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for WTP masks).'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'conditions': ['Covid19']}, 'referencesModule': {'references': [{'pmid': '34259846', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': "Torres C, Ogbu-Nwobodo L, Alsan M, Stanford FC, Banerjee A, Breza E, Chandrasekhar AG, Eichmeyer S, Karnani M, Loisel T, Goldsmith-Pinkham P, Olken BA, Vautrey PL, Warner E, Duflo E; COVID-19 Working Group. Effect of Physician-Delivered COVID-19 Public Health Messages and Messages Acknowledging Racial Inequity on Black and White Adults' Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Related to COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul 1;4(7):e2117115. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17115."}]}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'The aim of the study is to build off results from our first experiment (NCT04371419) , and test whether messages that acknowledge racial injustice on behalf of institutions affect the retention of knowledge and movement of beliefs and behavior with respect to Covid-19. The investigators will also test the effect of concordance of providers and whether highlighting the unequal burden of the disease has additional effects on knowledge, beliefs and behavior regarding covid-19. The sample will include African American and white adult Americans and oversample those with less than a college degree.', 'detailedDescription': 'Recent data have shown that covid19 is disproportionately infecting and killing African Americans and Latinx people in the United States. Moreover, since our last experiment, the killing of George Floyd by Minnesota police has raised awareness of structural racism in the United States.\n\nThe aim of the study is to build off results from our first experiment (NCT04371419) , and test whether messages that acknowledge racial injustice on behalf of institutions affect the retention of knowledge and movement of beliefs and behavior with respect to Covid-19. The investigators will also test the effect of concordance of providers and whether highlighting the unequal burden of the disease has additional effects on knowledge, beliefs and behavior regarding covid-19.The sample will include African American and white adult Americans and oversample those with less than a college degree.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT', 'OLDER_ADULT'], 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': True, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* adults who self-identify as African American or white.\n* an oversample of individuals with less than a college education\n\nExclusion Criteria:'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT04502056', 'briefTitle': 'Covid-19 Messaging to Underserved Communities - 2nd Experiment', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.'}, 'officialTitle': 'Covid-19 Messaging to Underserved Communities - 2nd Experiment', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': '2029880'}}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA RI - B- B - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA', 'Behavioral: African American Sender Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: African American Sender in Informational Videos.', 'Behavioral: Racial Inequality Highlighted']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA RI - B - B - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA', 'Behavioral: African American Sender Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: African American Sender in Informational Videos.', 'Behavioral: No Racial Inequality Highlighting']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA RI - W - W - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA', 'Behavioral: Racial Inequality Highlighted', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Informational Videos']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA RI - W - W - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Informational Videos', 'Behavioral: No Racial Inequality Highlighting']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA DP - B- B - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color .', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: African American Sender Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: African American Sender in Informational Videos.', 'Behavioral: Racial Inequality Highlighted', 'Behavioral: AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA DP - B- B - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: African American Sender Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: African American Sender in Informational Videos.', 'Behavioral: AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing', 'Behavioral: No Racial Inequality Highlighting']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA DP - W- W - R', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Racial Inequality Highlighted', 'Behavioral: AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Informational Videos']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'AMA DP - W- W - N', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Informational Videos', 'Behavioral: No Racial Inequality Highlighting']}, {'type': 'PLACEBO_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Control: AMA RI - B - B', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA', 'Behavioral: African American Sender Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: African American Sender in Informational Videos.', 'Behavioral: Placebo videos']}, {'type': 'PLACEBO_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Control: AMA RI - W - W', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAcknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.\n\nWhite Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Informational Videos', 'Behavioral: Placebo videos']}, {'type': 'PLACEBO_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Control: AMA DP - B - B', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nAfrican American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: African American Sender Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: African American Sender in Informational Videos.', 'Behavioral: AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing', 'Behavioral: Placebo videos']}, {'type': 'PLACEBO_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Control: AMA DP - W - W', 'description': 'Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown.\n\nWhite Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA\n\nAMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Acknowledgement', 'Behavioral: White Sender in Informational Videos', 'Behavioral: Placebo videos']}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice.', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA RI - B - B - N', 'AMA RI - B- B - R', 'AMA RI - W - W - N', 'AMA RI - W - W - R', 'Control: AMA RI - B - B', 'Control: AMA RI - W - W']}, {'name': 'African American Sender Acknowledgement', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA DP - B- B - N', 'AMA DP - B- B - R', 'AMA RI - B - B - N', 'AMA RI - B- B - R', 'Control: AMA DP - B - B', 'Control: AMA RI - B - B']}, {'name': 'African American Sender in Informational Videos.', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos.', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA DP - B- B - N', 'AMA DP - B- B - R', 'AMA RI - B - B - N', 'AMA RI - B- B - R', 'Control: AMA DP - B - B', 'Control: AMA RI - B - B']}, {'name': 'Racial Inequality Highlighted', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA DP - B- B - R', 'AMA DP - W- W - R', 'AMA RI - B- B - R', 'AMA RI - W - W - R']}, {'name': 'AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA DP - B- B - N', 'AMA DP - B- B - R', 'AMA DP - W- W - N', 'AMA DP - W- W - R', 'Control: AMA DP - B - B', 'Control: AMA DP - W - W']}, {'name': 'White Sender in Acknowledgement', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA DP - W- W - N', 'AMA DP - W- W - R', 'AMA RI - W - W - N', 'AMA RI - W - W - R', 'Control: AMA DP - W - W', 'Control: AMA RI - W - W']}, {'name': 'White Sender in Informational Videos', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA DP - W- W - N', 'AMA DP - W- W - R', 'AMA RI - W - W - N', 'AMA RI - W - W - R', 'Control: AMA DP - W - W', 'Control: AMA RI - W - W']}, {'name': 'No Racial Inequality Highlighting', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted', 'armGroupLabels': ['AMA DP - B- B - N', 'AMA DP - W- W - N', 'AMA RI - B - B - N', 'AMA RI - W - W - N']}, {'name': 'Placebo videos', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Videos not related to covid-19 will be shown', 'armGroupLabels': ['Control: AMA DP - B - B', 'Control: AMA DP - W - W', 'Control: AMA RI - B - B', 'Control: AMA RI - W - W']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '02138', 'city': 'Cambridge', 'state': 'Massachusetts', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'JPAL North America', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 42.3751, 'lon': -71.10561}}]}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'collaborators': [{'name': 'Massachusetts General Hospital', 'class': 'OTHER'}, {'name': 'Stanford University', 'class': 'OTHER'}, {'name': 'Yale University', 'class': 'OTHER'}, {'name': 'Harvard University', 'class': 'OTHER'}], 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'investigatorTitle': 'Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics, MIT; Co-Director, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab', 'investigatorFullName': 'Esther Duflo', 'investigatorAffiliation': 'National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.'}}}}