Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-24 @ 9:33 PM
Ignite Modification Date:
2025-12-28 @ 4:14 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT04784832
Status:
RECRUITING
Last Update Posted:
2025-01-03
First Post:
2020-12-07
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
False
Brief Title:
TMS-based Assessment of Mental Training Effects on Motor Learning in Healthy Participants
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': False, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'interventionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D050781', 'term': 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation'}, {'id': 'D065908', 'term': 'Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation'}, {'id': 'D064797', 'term': 'Physical Conditioning, Human'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D055909', 'term': 'Magnetic Field Therapy'}, {'id': 'D013812', 'term': 'Therapeutics'}, {'id': 'D004599', 'term': 'Electric Stimulation Therapy'}, {'id': 'D003295', 'term': 'Convulsive Therapy'}, {'id': 'D013000', 'term': 'Psychiatric Somatic Therapies'}, {'id': 'D004191', 'term': 'Behavioral Disciplines and Activities'}, {'id': 'D004597', 'term': 'Electroshock'}, {'id': 'D011580', 'term': 'Psychological Techniques'}, {'id': 'D015444', 'term': 'Exercise'}, {'id': 'D009043', 'term': 'Motor Activity'}, {'id': 'D009068', 'term': 'Movement'}, {'id': 'D009142', 'term': 'Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena'}, {'id': 'D055687', 'term': 'Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena'}]}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2020-11-25', 'size': 564409, 'label': 'Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP', 'uploadDate': '2020-11-25T04:54', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['NA'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'NONE'}, 'primaryPurpose': 'BASIC_SCIENCE', 'interventionModel': 'FACTORIAL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ESTIMATED', 'count': 556}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'RECRUITING', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2024-04-08', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2025-01', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2027-04-07', 'type': 'ESTIMATED'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2025-01-02', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2020-12-07', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2021-03-02', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2025-01-03', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-03-05', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2027-04-07', 'type': 'ESTIMATED'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 1', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)', 'description': 'The duration of performed movement sequences'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 1', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)', 'description': 'The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of trajectory error - Sequence 2', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)', 'description': "The area under the curve of hand's trajectory according to the straight line joining the starting target and the final target."}, {'measure': 'Evolution of maximal deviation - Sequence 2', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)', 'description': 'The maximal perpendicular distance between the position of the hand and the straight line joining the starting target and the final target'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of final error - Sequence 2', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 1 is 10 days)', 'description': 'The distance between the final position of the hand and the position of the final target.'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 3', 'timeFrame': 'Each day from day 2 to day 11 of Sequence 3 (Sequence 3 is 11 days)', 'description': 'The duration of performed movement sequences'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 3', 'timeFrame': 'Each day from day 2 to day 11 of Sequence 3 (Sequence 3 is 11 days)', 'description': 'The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of movement speed - Sequence 4', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)', 'description': 'The duration of performed movement sequences'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of movement accuracy - Sequence 4', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)', 'description': 'The accuracy of performed movement sequences (i.e., the correspondence between the performed finger motor sequences and the requested finger motor sequence).'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 1', 'timeFrame': 'Day 1, 5, 6, 10 and 11 in Sequence 1 (Sequence 1 is 11 days).', 'description': 'Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 2', 'timeFrame': 'Each day in Sequence 2 (Sequence 2 is 10 days)', 'description': 'Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 3', 'timeFrame': 'Day 1, 5, 6, 10 and 11 in Sequence 3 (Sequence 1 is 11 days)', 'description': 'Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials'}, {'measure': 'Evolution of motor evoked potentials amplitude - Sequence 4', 'timeFrame': 'Days 1, 5, and 6 in Sequence 4 (Sequence 4 is 6 days)', 'description': 'Peak-to-peak amplitude of motor evoked potentials'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'conditions': ['Motor Learning']}, 'referencesModule': {'references': [{'pmid': '18401345', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Abraham WC. Metaplasticity: tuning synapses and networks for plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008 May;9(5):387. doi: 10.1038/nrn2356.'}, {'pmid': '23737857', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Anwar MN, Khan SH. Trial-by-trial adaptation of movements during mental practice under force field. Comput Math Methods Med. 2013;2013:109497. doi: 10.1155/2013/109497. Epub 2013 May 7.'}, {'pmid': '17849109', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Allami N, Paulignan Y, Brovelli A, Boussaoud D. Visuo-motor learning with combination of different rates of motor imagery and physical practice. Exp Brain Res. 2008 Jan;184(1):105-13. doi: 10.1007/s00221-007-1086-x. Epub 2007 Sep 12.'}, {'pmid': '19633892', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Arora S, Aggarwal R, Sevdalis N, Moran A, Sirimanna P, Kneebone R, Darzi A. Development and validation of mental practice as a training strategy for laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. 2010 Jan;24(1):179-87. doi: 10.1007/s00464-009-0624-y. Epub 2009 Jul 25.'}, {'pmid': '19770024', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Avanzino L, Giannini A, Tacchino A, Pelosin E, Ruggeri P, Bove M. Motor imagery influences the execution of repetitive finger opposition movements. Neurosci Lett. 2009 Nov 27;466(1):11-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.036. Epub 2009 Sep 20.'}, {'pmid': '7054394', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Bienenstock EL, Cooper LN, Munro PW. Theory for the development of neuron selectivity: orientation specificity and binocular interaction in visual cortex. J Neurosci. 1982 Jan;2(1):32-48. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.02-01-00032.1982.'}, {'pmid': '23319043', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Burianova H, Marstaller L, Sowman P, Tesan G, Rich AN, Williams M, Savage G, Johnson BW. Multimodal functional imaging of motor imagery using a novel paradigm. Neuroimage. 2013 May 1;71:50-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.01.001. Epub 2013 Jan 12.'}, {'pmid': '23486938', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': "Cantarero G, Tang B, O'Malley R, Salas R, Celnik P. Motor learning interference is proportional to occlusion of LTP-like plasticity. J Neurosci. 2013 Mar 13;33(11):4634-41. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4706-12.2013."}, {'pmid': '9463469', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Classen J, Liepert J, Wise SP, Hallett M, Cohen LG. Rapid plasticity of human cortical movement representation induced by practice. J Neurophysiol. 1998 Feb;79(2):1117-23. doi: 10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.1117.'}, {'pmid': '11811570', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Cumming J, Hall C. Deliberate imagery practice: the development of imagery skills in competitive athletes. J Sports Sci. 2002 Feb;20(2):137-45. doi: 10.1080/026404102317200846.'}, {'pmid': '8762158', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Decety J. The neurophysiological basis of motor imagery. Behav Brain Res. 1996 May;77(1-2):45-52. doi: 10.1016/0166-4328(95)00225-1.'}, {'pmid': '19061920', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Doyon J, Bellec P, Amsel R, Penhune V, Monchi O, Carrier J, Lehericy S, Benali H. Contributions of the basal ganglia and functionally related brain structures to motor learning. Behav Brain Res. 2009 Apr 12;199(1):61-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.11.012. Epub 2008 Nov 17.'}, {'pmid': '15831397', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Doyon J, Benali H. Reorganization and plasticity in the adult brain during learning of motor skills. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2005 Apr;15(2):161-7. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.004.'}, {'pmid': '20538766', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Gentili R, Han CE, Schweighofer N, Papaxanthis C. Motor learning without doing: trial-by-trial improvement in motor performance during mental training. J Neurophysiol. 2010 Aug;104(2):774-83. doi: 10.1152/jn.00257.2010. Epub 2010 Jun 10.'}, {'pmid': '16338093', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Gentili R, Papaxanthis C, Pozzo T. Improvement and generalization of arm motor performance through motor imagery practice. Neuroscience. 2006 Feb;137(3):761-72. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.10.013. Epub 2005 Dec 9.'}, {'pmid': '15736871', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Grush R. The emulation theory of representation: motor control, imagery, and perception. Behav Brain Sci. 2004 Jun;27(3):377-96; discussion 396-442. doi: 10.1017/s0140525x04000093.'}, {'pmid': '23425312', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Guillot A, Moschberger K, Collet C. Coupling movement with imagery as a new perspective for motor imagery practice. Behav Brain Funct. 2013 Feb 20;9:8. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-9-8.'}, {'pmid': '16730432', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Halsband U, Lange RK. Motor learning in man: a review of functional and clinical studies. J Physiol Paris. 2006 Jun;99(4-6):414-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2006.03.007. Epub 2006 May 26.'}, {'pmid': '21423711', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Izawa J, Shadmehr R. Learning from sensory and reward prediction errors during motor adaptation. PLoS Comput Biol. 2011 Mar;7(3):e1002012. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002012. Epub 2011 Mar 10.'}, {'pmid': '11373140', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Jeannerod M. Neural simulation of action: a unifying mechanism for motor cognition. Neuroimage. 2001 Jul;14(1 Pt 2):S103-9. doi: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0832.'}, {'pmid': '7675082', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Karni A, Meyer G, Jezzard P, Adams MM, Turner R, Ungerleider LG. Functional MRI evidence for adult motor cortex plasticity during motor skill learning. Nature. 1995 Sep 14;377(6545):155-8. doi: 10.1038/377155a0.'}, {'pmid': '22524361', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Keller PE. Mental imagery in music performance: underlying mechanisms and potential benefits. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012 Apr;1252:206-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06439.x.'}, {'pmid': '22693579', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Lebon F, Lotze M, Stinear CM, Byblow WD. Task-dependent interaction between parietal and contralateral primary motor cortex during explicit versus implicit motor imagery. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e37850. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037850. Epub 2012 May 31.'}, {'pmid': '16107540', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Lehericy S, Benali H, Van de Moortele PF, Pelegrini-Issac M, Waechter T, Ugurbil K, Doyon J. Distinct basal ganglia territories are engaged in early and advanced motor sequence learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Aug 30;102(35):12566-71. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0502762102. Epub 2005 Aug 17.'}, {'pmid': '24065903', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Malouin F, Jackson PL, Richards CL. Towards the integration of mental practice in rehabilitation programs. A critical review. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Sep 19;7:576. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00576.'}, {'pmid': '31474818', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Minkova L, Peter J, Abdulkadir A, Schumacher LV, Kaller CP, Nissen C, Kloppel S, Lahr J. Determinants of Inter-Individual Variability in Corticomotor Excitability Induced by Paired Associative Stimulation. Front Neurosci. 2019 Aug 14;13:841. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00841. eCollection 2019.'}, {'pmid': '17579805', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Mulder T. Motor imagery and action observation: cognitive tools for rehabilitation. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2007;114(10):1265-78. doi: 10.1007/s00702-007-0763-z. Epub 2007 Jun 20.'}, {'pmid': '27282084', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Opie GM, Evans A, Ridding MC, Semmler JG. Short-term immobilization influences use-dependent cortical plasticity and fine motor performance. Neuroscience. 2016 Aug 25;330:247-56. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.002. Epub 2016 Jun 6.'}, {'pmid': '19693586', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': "Palmiero M, Belardinelli MO, Nardo D, Sestieri C, Di Matteo R, D'Ausilio A, Romani GL. Mental imagery generation in different modalities activates sensory-motor areas. Cogn Process. 2009 Sep;10 Suppl 2:S268-71. doi: 10.1007/s10339-009-0324-5. No abstract available."}, {'pmid': '26431764', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Rozand V, Lebon F, Stapley PJ, Papaxanthis C, Lepers R. A prolonged motor imagery session alter imagined and actual movement durations: Potential implications for neurorehabilitation. Behav Brain Res. 2016 Jan 15;297:67-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.036. Epub 2015 Sep 30.'}, {'pmid': '24849369', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Rosenkranz K, Seibel J, Kacar A, Rothwell J. Sensorimotor deprivation induces interdependent changes in excitability and plasticity of the human hand motor cortex. J Neurosci. 2014 May 21;34(21):7375-82. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5139-13.2014.'}, {'pmid': '28733754', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Ruffino C, Papaxanthis C, Lebon F. The influence of imagery capacity in motor performance improvement. Exp Brain Res. 2017 Oct;235(10):3049-3057. doi: 10.1007/s00221-017-5039-8. Epub 2017 Jul 21.'}, {'pmid': '26540137', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Saimpont A, Mercier C, Malouin F, Guillot A, Collet C, Doyon J, Jackson PL. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhances the effects of motor imagery training in a finger tapping task. Eur J Neurosci. 2016 Jan;43(1):113-9. doi: 10.1111/ejn.13122. Epub 2015 Dec 15.'}, {'pmid': '30300100', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Rulleau T, Robin N, Abou-Dest A, Chesnet D, Toussaint L. Does the Improvement of Position Sense Following Motor Imagery Practice Vary as a Function of Age and Time of Day? Exp Aging Res. 2018 Oct-Dec;44(5):443-454. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2018.1521496. Epub 2018 Oct 9.'}, {'pmid': '21682867', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Schuster C, Hilfiker R, Amft O, Scheidhauer A, Andrews B, Butler J, Kischka U, Ettlin T. Best practice for motor imagery: a systematic literature review on motor imagery training elements in five different disciplines. BMC Med. 2011 Jun 17;9:75. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-9-75.'}]}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'The general purpose of this research project is to analyze the specific role of motor imagery on motor learning, assessed through corticospinal excitability measurements and behavioral data collection. This project is based on four sequences. For Sequence 1, the main objective is to examine the effect of mental training on movement speed and accuracy in a manual motor sequence task, as well as the influence of sensory feedback in immediate post-test (i.e., execution of a similar, but not identical, manual motor sequence, other manual tasks) on performance in delayed post-test. The secondary objective will be to examine corticospinal changes (i.e., amplitude of motor evoked potentials) induced by mental training, by measuring the amplitude of motor evoked potentials before and after mental training. For Sequence 2, the main objective is to examine the impact of a motor disturbance induced by a robotic arm at different intervals during the motor imagery process. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e. amplitude of evoked motor potentials) induced by mental training as a function of the applied perturbations, before and after perturbation. For Sequence 3, the main objective will be to examine the influence of neuroplasticity on the quality of mental training. More specifically, the investigators will study the links between brain plasticity and motor learning through mental training. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e. amplitude of evoked motor potentials) induced by mental training at different levels of the neuromuscular system (cortical, cervicomedullar, peripheral) after a training period. For Sequence 4, the main objective will be to examine the effect of short-term arm-immobilization of on the retention of motor learning induced by mental training. The secondary objective will be to examine the corticospinal changes (i.e., amplitude of motor evoked potentials) induced by of short-term arm-immobilization, or by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), on motor learning. The results of this fundamental research project will allow a better understanding of neurophysiological and behavioral mechanisms that underlie motor learning through motor imagery. The results will allow to efficiently consider inter-individual specificities and will thus open up to clinical research perspectives, towards the establishment of adapted motor rehabilitation protocols.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT'], 'maximumAge': '60 Years', 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': True, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Male or female between 18 and 60 years old\n* Having given written informed consent\n* Affiliated to a social security scheme\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* History of psychiatric illness (declarative)\n* Person under guardianship, curatorship, safeguard of justice\n* Neurological problem that could bias the results of the study (declarative)\n* Personal or family history of epilepsy\n* Person deprived of liberty by judicial or administrative decision\n* Person hospitalized without consent and not subject to legal protection, and person admitted to a health or social institution for purposes other than that of the research\n* Person subject to an exclusion period for another research\n* Pregnant women or women of childbearing age not using known contraception\n* Breastfeeding women\n* Person on medication that could influence neurophysiological measures (neuroleptics, anxiolytics, antidepressants)\n* Person carrying :\n* pacemaker or other device that could interfere with the magnetic field\n* Implants (mechanical or electronic: cochlear implants, neural or cardiac pacemakers, infusion pumps, magnetic aneurysm clips, etc.)\n* Metallic foreign bodies in the eye or nervous system\n* Metallic objects (tattoos, piercings, etc.)'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT04784832', 'acronym': 'IMAP-TMS', 'briefTitle': 'TMS-based Assessment of Mental Training Effects on Motor Learning in Healthy Participants', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER_GOV', 'fullName': 'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France'}, 'officialTitle': 'Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-based Assessment of Mental Training Effects on Motor Learning in Healthy Participants', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': 'C19-19'}, 'secondaryIdInfos': [{'id': '2020-A00305-34 / 1', 'type': 'REGISTRY', 'domain': 'IDRCB'}]}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 1 - Training with same task - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (different task in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 1 - Training with different tasks - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (different task in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (isometric muscle contractions in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 1 - Training with muscle contractions - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (isometric muscle contractions in immediate post test) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Sequence 1 - Control', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests on the same task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation No mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation']}, {'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Physical training']}, {'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Physical training']}, {'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Physical training']}, {'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Physical training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Physical training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Physical training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation during preparation - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 2 - Mental training with perturbation after preparation - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Motor task (Pretest and Posttests) Transcranial magnetic stimulation External pertubation (robotic arm) Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Robotic arm', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (same as the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation', 'Device: Paired Associative Stimulation', 'Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 3 - Training (same task) - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (same as the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation', 'Device: Paired Associative Stimulation', 'Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (different of the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation', 'Device: Paired Associative Stimulation', 'Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 3 - Training (different task) - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Paired Associative Stimulation Mental training (different of the motor task) Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation', 'Device: Paired Associative Stimulation', 'Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Sequence 3 - Control 1', 'description': 'Mental Training Motor task (same as the motor task) Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation', 'Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Sequence 3 - Control 2', 'description': 'Paired Associative Stimulation Motor task Transcranial magnetic stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Cervicomedullar stimulation', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation', 'Device: Paired Associative Stimulation', 'Device: Cervicomedullar stimulation']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation Arm immobilization Motor task Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Wrist', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 4 - Immobilization - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation Arm immobilization Motor task Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Wrist', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Short follow-up', 'description': 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 4 - Cathodal - Long follow-up', 'description': 'Transcranial magnetic stimulation Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation Motor task Mental training', 'interventionNames': ['Device: Transcranial magnetic stimulation', 'Device: Transcranial direct current stimulation', 'Other: Mental training']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Sequence 4 - Anodal - 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