Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-24 @ 7:55 PM
Ignite Modification Date:
2026-01-24 @ 11:35 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT03087604
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2020-06-17
First Post:
2017-03-03
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Loss of Resistance, w/wo Stimulation, For Epidural Placement
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'interventionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D004561', 'term': 'Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation'}, {'id': 'D012996', 'term': 'Solutions'}, {'id': 'D008012', 'term': 'Lidocaine'}, {'id': 'D004837', 'term': 'Epinephrine'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D004599', 'term': 'Electric Stimulation Therapy'}, {'id': 'D013812', 'term': 'Therapeutics'}, {'id': 'D026741', 'term': 'Physical Therapy Modalities'}, {'id': 'D012046', 'term': 'Rehabilitation'}, {'id': 'D000698', 'term': 'Analgesia'}, {'id': 'D000760', 'term': 'Anesthesia and Analgesia'}, {'id': 'D004364', 'term': 'Pharmaceutical Preparations'}, {'id': 'D000083', 'term': 'Acetanilides'}, {'id': 'D000813', 'term': 'Anilides'}, {'id': 'D000577', 'term': 'Amides'}, {'id': 'D009930', 'term': 'Organic Chemicals'}, {'id': 'D000814', 'term': 'Aniline Compounds'}, {'id': 'D000588', 'term': 'Amines'}, {'id': 'D004983', 'term': 'Ethanolamines'}, {'id': 'D000605', 'term': 'Amino Alcohols'}, {'id': 'D000438', 'term': 'Alcohols'}, {'id': 'D015306', 'term': 'Biogenic Monoamines'}, {'id': 'D001679', 'term': 'Biogenic Amines'}, {'id': 'D002395', 'term': 'Catecholamines'}, {'id': 'D002396', 'term': 'Catechols'}, {'id': 'D010636', 'term': 'Phenols'}, {'id': 'D001555', 'term': 'Benzene Derivatives'}, {'id': 'D006841', 'term': 'Hydrocarbons, Aromatic'}, {'id': 'D006844', 'term': 'Hydrocarbons, Cyclic'}, {'id': 'D006838', 'term': 'Hydrocarbons'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'sdobson@wakehealth.edu', 'phone': '3367168834', 'title': 'Dr. Sean Dobson', 'organization': 'Wake Forest University Health Sciences'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': True}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': 'up to 30 minutes', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Traditional Technique Group', 'description': 'In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nSolution For Thoracic epidural block: Dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine', 'otherNumAtRisk': 50, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 50, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 50, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Electric Stimulation Group', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.Thoracic epidural block with Electrical Nerve stimulation\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nElectrical Nerve stimulation: In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall.stimulating peripheral nerve catheters', 'otherNumAtRisk': 50, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 50, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 50, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Success Rate of Placement of a Thoracic Epidural', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '50', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '50', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Traditional Technique Group', 'description': 'In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nSolution For Thoracic epidural block: Dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Electric Stimulation Group', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.Thoracic epidural block with Electrical Nerve stimulation\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nElectrical Nerve stimulation: In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall.stimulating peripheral nerve catheters'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '41', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '45', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': '15 minutes after administration of a test dose of lidocaine', 'description': 'will be determined by the detection of a loss of sensation to cold (ice) in at least two contiguous dermatomal levels, 15 minutes after administration of a test dose of lidocaine through the epidural catheter. If a loss of cold sensation is found, then the epidural placement will be classified as successful. If no loss of cold sensation is found, then the epidural placement will be classified as unsuccessful.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Time Required to Place the Epidural Catheter', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '50', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '50', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Traditional Technique Group', 'description': 'In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nSolution For Thoracic epidural block: Dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Electric Stimulation Group', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.Thoracic epidural block with Electrical Nerve stimulation\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nElectrical Nerve stimulation: In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall.stimulating peripheral nerve catheters'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '33.9', 'spread': '12.8', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '24.0', 'spread': '8.0', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'From the initiation of procedure to end of procedure', 'description': 'The time required to place the epidural catheter will be recorded', 'unitOfMeasure': 'minutes', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Number of Thoracic Spine Levels Attempted', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Traditional Technique Group', 'description': 'In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nSolution For Thoracic epidural block: Dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Electric Stimulation Group', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.Thoracic epidural block with Electrical Nerve stimulation\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nElectrical Nerve stimulation: In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall.stimulating peripheral nerve catheters'}], 'timeFrame': 'Thirty minutes after start of procedure.', 'description': 'the number of thoracic spine levels attempted will be recorded', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'No data collected'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Traditional Technique Group', 'description': 'In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nSolution For Thoracic epidural block: Dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Electric Stimulation Group', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.Thoracic epidural block with Electrical Nerve stimulation\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nElectrical Nerve stimulation: In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall.stimulating peripheral nerve catheters'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '50'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '50'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '50'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '50'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '0'}]}]}]}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '50', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '50', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '100', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Traditional Technique Group', 'description': 'In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nSolution For Thoracic epidural block: Dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Electric Stimulation Group', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.Thoracic epidural block with Electrical Nerve stimulation\n\nThoracic epidural block: Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.\n\nElectrical Nerve stimulation: In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall.stimulating peripheral nerve catheters'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Continuous', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '63.2', 'spread': '12.6', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '60.4', 'spread': '15.4', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '61.8', 'spread': '14.2', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '19', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '46', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '31', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '23', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '54', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Race (NIH/OMB)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'American Indian or Alaska Native', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Asian', 'measurements': [{'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Black or African American', 'measurements': [{'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'White', 'measurements': [{'value': '45', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '46', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '91', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'More than one race', 'measurements': [{'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '1', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Unknown or Not Reported', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}]}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2016-07-06', 'size': 613079, 'label': 'Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP', 'uploadDate': '2018-10-19T14:00', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['PHASE4'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'DOUBLE', 'whoMasked': ['PARTICIPANT', 'OUTCOMES_ASSESSOR'], 'maskingDescription': "As the patient will be sedated during epidural catheter placement, they will be blinded to their treatment arm. The investigator that determines if the epidural was successful placed will also be blinded to the patient's treatment arm."}, 'primaryPurpose': 'SUPPORTIVE_CARE', 'interventionModel': 'PARALLEL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 100}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2017-03-17', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2018-10', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2017-10-11', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2020-06-08', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2017-03-03', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2018-10-24', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2017-03-16', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2020-06-17', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2018-10-24', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2017-03-22', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2018-11-23', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2017-10-11', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Success Rate of Placement of a Thoracic Epidural', 'timeFrame': '15 minutes after administration of a test dose of lidocaine', 'description': 'will be determined by the detection of a loss of sensation to cold (ice) in at least two contiguous dermatomal levels, 15 minutes after administration of a test dose of lidocaine through the epidural catheter. If a loss of cold sensation is found, then the epidural placement will be classified as successful. If no loss of cold sensation is found, then the epidural placement will be classified as unsuccessful.'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Time Required to Place the Epidural Catheter', 'timeFrame': 'From the initiation of procedure to end of procedure', 'description': 'The time required to place the epidural catheter will be recorded'}, {'measure': 'Number of Thoracic Spine Levels Attempted', 'timeFrame': 'Thirty minutes after start of procedure.', 'description': 'the number of thoracic spine levels attempted will be recorded'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'isUsExport': False, 'oversightHasDmc': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': True}, 'conditionsModule': {'keywords': ['epidural catheter placement'], 'conditions': ['Anesthesia']}, 'referencesModule': {'references': [{'pmid': '35139802', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': 'Dobson SW, Weller RS, Edwards C, Turner JD, Jaffe JD, Reynolds JW, Henshaw DS. A randomized comparison of loss of resistance versus loss of resistance plus electrical stimulation: effect on success of thoracic epidural placement. BMC Anesthesiol. 2022 Feb 9;22(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12871-022-01584-x.'}]}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'The purpose of this randomized, observer-blinded, investigative trial is to determine if the use of electrical stimulation, compared to the traditional loss of resistance technique alone, improves the success rate of epidural catheter placement at an academic teaching institution.', 'detailedDescription': 'All subjects will receive a thoracic epidural catheter placement at the level appropriate for their surgery and will be randomized to either have the epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone or loss of resistance technique with confirmation by nerve stimulation. In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. Nerve stimulation will be started at a pulse width of 0.3 ms and a frequency of 1 Hz and a current of 0.2mA.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT', 'OLDER_ADULT'], 'maximumAge': '90 Years', 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': False, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adults undergoing intra-thoracic or intra-abdominal procedures that normally would receive thoracic epidurals for post-operative analgesia will be eligible.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* Subjects with contraindications to regional anesthesia:\n* history of allergy to amide local anesthetics\n* presence of a progressive neurological deficit\n* patients that are on anticoagulant medications that prohibit placement of an epidural\n* Systemic infection\n* Infection at the site of placement'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT03087604', 'briefTitle': 'Loss of Resistance, w/wo Stimulation, For Epidural Placement', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'Wake Forest University Health Sciences'}, 'officialTitle': 'Loss of Resistance With Nerve Stimulation Versus Loss of Resistance Alone; Effect on Success of Thoracic Epidural Placement.', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': 'IRB00039522'}}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'ACTIVE_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Traditional Technique Group', 'description': 'In the traditional loss of resistance technique group, the epidural catheter will be placed after achieving loss of resistance to air. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.', 'interventionNames': ['Procedure: Thoracic epidural block', 'Drug: Solution For Thoracic epidural block']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Electric Stimulation Group', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall. After placement of the catheter a standard test dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine will be administered.Solution for Thoracic epidural block.Thoracic epidural block with Electrical Nerve stimulation', 'interventionNames': ['Procedure: Thoracic epidural block', 'Procedure: Electrical Nerve stimulation', 'Drug: Solution For Thoracic epidural block']}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Thoracic epidural block', 'type': 'PROCEDURE', 'description': 'Thoracic epidural block with epidural placed with a loss of resistance technique alone.', 'armGroupLabels': ['Electric Stimulation Group', 'Traditional Technique Group']}, {'name': 'Electrical Nerve stimulation', 'type': 'PROCEDURE', 'description': 'In the electrical stimulation group, following the location of the epidural space with a loss of resistance technique (using air), nerve stimulation will be utilized to elicit a myotomal contraction of the abdominal or thoracic wall.stimulating peripheral nerve catheters(19 Ga. x 90 cm StimuCath® Continuous Nerve Block Catheter with SnapLock™ Adapter (Arrow by Teleflex Medical, Morrisville, NC), and stimulation will be achieved using a B Braun Stimuplex HNS12 Nerve Stimulator product id 4892098.', 'armGroupLabels': ['Electric Stimulation Group']}, {'name': 'Solution For Thoracic epidural block', 'type': 'DRUG', 'otherNames': ['Lidocaine', 'Epinephrine'], 'description': 'Dose of 3+2 ml of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine', 'armGroupLabels': ['Electric Stimulation Group', 'Traditional Technique Group']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '27157', 'city': 'Winston-Salem', 'state': 'North Carolina', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'WakeForestUBMC', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 36.09986, 'lon': -80.24422}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Sean Dobson, MD', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': 'Wake Forest University Health Sciences'}]}, 'ipdSharingStatementModule': {'ipdSharing': 'UNDECIDED'}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'Wake Forest University Health Sciences', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'SPONSOR'}}}}