Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-24 @ 3:04 PM
Ignite Modification Date:
2026-01-04 @ 12:05 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT03422159
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2021-09-21
First Post:
2018-01-25
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in Sepsis.
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24', 'submissionTracking': {'firstMcpInfo': {'postDateStruct': {'date': '2020-07-29', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}}}, 'conditionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D018805', 'term': 'Sepsis'}, {'id': 'D012772', 'term': 'Shock, Septic'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D007239', 'term': 'Infections'}, {'id': 'D018746', 'term': 'Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome'}, {'id': 'D007249', 'term': 'Inflammation'}, {'id': 'D010335', 'term': 'Pathologic Processes'}, {'id': 'D013568', 'term': 'Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D012769', 'term': 'Shock'}]}, 'interventionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D001205', 'term': 'Ascorbic Acid'}, {'id': 'D013831', 'term': 'Thiamine'}, {'id': 'D006854', 'term': 'Hydrocortisone'}, {'id': 'D012965', 'term': 'Sodium Chloride'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D013400', 'term': 'Sugar Acids'}, {'id': 'D000144', 'term': 'Acids, Acyclic'}, {'id': 'D002264', 'term': 'Carboxylic Acids'}, {'id': 'D009930', 'term': 'Organic Chemicals'}, {'id': 'D006880', 'term': 'Hydroxy Acids'}, {'id': 'D002241', 'term': 'Carbohydrates'}, {'id': 'D013844', 'term': 'Thiazoles'}, {'id': 'D013457', 'term': 'Sulfur Compounds'}, {'id': 'D001393', 'term': 'Azoles'}, {'id': 'D006573', 'term': 'Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring'}, {'id': 'D006571', 'term': 'Heterocyclic Compounds'}, {'id': 'D011743', 'term': 'Pyrimidines'}, {'id': 'D011282', 'term': 'Pregnenediones'}, {'id': 'D011283', 'term': 'Pregnenes'}, {'id': 'D011278', 'term': 'Pregnanes'}, {'id': 'D013256', 'term': 'Steroids'}, {'id': 'D000072473', 'term': 'Fused-Ring Compounds'}, {'id': 'D011083', 'term': 'Polycyclic Compounds'}, {'id': 'D015062', 'term': '11-Hydroxycorticosteroids'}, {'id': 'D006889', 'term': 'Hydroxycorticosteroids'}, {'id': 'D000305', 'term': 'Adrenal Cortex Hormones'}, {'id': 'D006728', 'term': 'Hormones'}, {'id': 'D006730', 'term': 'Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists'}, {'id': 'D015065', 'term': '17-Hydroxycorticosteroids'}, {'id': 'D002712', 'term': 'Chlorides'}, {'id': 'D006851', 'term': 'Hydrochloric Acid'}, {'id': 'D017606', 'term': 'Chlorine Compounds'}, {'id': 'D007287', 'term': 'Inorganic Chemicals'}, {'id': 'D017670', 'term': 'Sodium Compounds'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'jiglesias23@gmail.com', 'phone': '732-557-8070', 'title': 'Jose Iglesias, DO', 'organization': 'Community Medical Center Department of Critical Care, Department of Nephrology'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': True}, 'limitationsAndCaveats': {'description': 'The relative weakness was its small, homogenous (primarily caucasian) cohort size, limiting the ability to detect differences in hospital mortality and length of stay.'}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': 'Each participant was assessed for adverse events up to hospital discharge, or up to 28 days.', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).', 'otherNumAtRisk': 68, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 68, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 68, 'deathsNumAffected': 11, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).', 'otherNumAtRisk': 69, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 69, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 69, 'deathsNumAffected': 13, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Time to Vasopressor Independence (Hours)', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '60', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '57', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'HAT Treatment', 'description': 'Receiving Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid, and Thiamine'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Comparator', 'description': 'Receiving placebo'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '27', 'spread': '22', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '53', 'spread': '38', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '<0.001', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'statisticalMethod': 't-test, 2 sided', 'nonInferiorityType': 'NON_INFERIORITY', 'nonInferiorityComment': 'Based on the results of the preliminary study of Marik et al, 5 we projected that the combination of ascorbic acid, thiamine, and hydrocortisone could reduce time to vasopressor discontinuation from 54 (+/-30 hours) vs 30 hours. For the additional primary outcome, we projected a greater change of SOFA score of 4 (+/-3) vs 2. Assuming a type 1 error of 5% (alpha of 0.05) and a power of 80%, this study would require a sample size of 94 patients.'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'From start of vasopressor medication to final discontinuation of vasopressor medication, up to 7 days.', 'description': 'Defined as the time from starting the active treatment/placebo to discontinuation of all pressors.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'hours', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Patients on vasopressor therapy in each group.'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.9', 'spread': '3.3', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1.93', 'spread': '3.5', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': '4 days post-randomization', 'description': 'Defined as the day 4 post-randomization SOFA score minus the initial SOFA score. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score is a mortality prediction score that is based on the degree of dysfunction of six organ systems. The score is calculated on admission and every 24 hours until discharge using the worst parameters measured during the prior 24 hours SOFA score ranges from 0 (no organ dysfunction) to 24 (highest possible score / organ dysfunction).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Procalcitonin (PCT) Clearance', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '63', 'spread': '170', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '58', 'spread': '66', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': '4 days post-randomization', 'description': 'PCT at 96 hours minus initial PCT, divided by the initial PCT multiplied by 100.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Percent', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'ICU Mortality', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '6', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': 'From admission to hospital until final discharge from the ICU, up to 28 days.', 'description': 'ICU mortality rate', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'ICU Length of Stay', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '4.76', 'spread': '4.3', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '4.66', 'spread': '3.45', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'From admission to the ICU until final discharge from the ICU, up to an average of 7 days.', 'description': 'Time from admitting to ICU to discharge.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'days', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Ventilator Free Days', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '22', 'spread': '6.2', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '22.4', 'spread': '4.3', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': '28 Days post-randomization', 'description': 'Number of days alive and off of the ventilator at day 28.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Days', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Hospital Length of Stay', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '11.5', 'spread': '6.8', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '11', 'spread': '6.2', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'From admission to the hospital until final discharge, up to 28 days.', 'description': 'Time from admitting to discharge of hospital stay.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Days', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Hospital Mortality', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '11', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '13', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': 'Survival until hospital discharge, up to 28 days.', 'description': 'In-hospital mortality rate.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '70'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '70'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '68'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '69'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '2'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '1'}]}], 'dropWithdraws': [{'type': 'Exclusion due to terminal disease', 'reasons': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '2'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '1'}]}]}], 'recruitmentDetails': 'Between February 14th, 2018 and April 29th, 2019, 256 patients were evaluated within two community hospital intensive care units.', 'preAssignmentDetails': 'Patients excluded from enrollment based on their diagnosis upon admission (ineligible unless they were admitted to the ICU for sepsis, 33 patients), end stage disease (20), had a DNR/DNI (17), or required immediate surgery (11).'}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '68', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '137', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Treatment', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nAscorbic Acid: Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nThiamine: Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).\n\nHydrocortisone: Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Comparator', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.\n\nSodium Chloride 0.9%: Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Continuous', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '70', 'spread': '12', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '67', 'spread': '14', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '68', 'spread': '13', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '36', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '42', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '78', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '32', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '59', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Race/Ethnicity, Customized', 'classes': [{'title': 'Caucasian', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '66', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '65', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '131', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Non-Caucasian', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Comorbidities', 'classes': [{'title': 'Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '25', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '21', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '46', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Diabetes', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '24', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '33', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '57', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Dementia', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '11', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Heart failure', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '13', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '31', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Malignancy', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '15', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '11', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '23', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '40', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Cirrhosis', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '14', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Morbid Obesity (BMI >40)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '16', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '13', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '29', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Immunocompromised', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '11', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Primary diagnosis', 'classes': [{'title': 'Pneumonia', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '29', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '30', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '59', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Urinary tract infection', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '18', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '25', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '43', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Primary bacteremia', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '11', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '20', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Gastrointestinal/biliary', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '8', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '17', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Other', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '13', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '22', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Other Baseline Characteristics', 'classes': [{'title': 'Need for mechanical ventilation', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '34', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '35', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '69', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Vasopressor usage during hospital admission', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '56', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '47', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '103', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Acute Kidney Injury (Stage 1 or higher based on KDIGO definitions)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '54', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '52', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '106', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Positive blood cultures', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '22', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '23', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '45', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Baseline Labs', 'classes': [{'title': 'Creatinine (mg/dL)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.1', 'spread': '1.5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '2', 'spread': '1.51', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '2', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Ascorbic acid level (mg/dL)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.52', 'spread': '1', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0.48', 'spread': '0.4', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0.5', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Thiamine (mg/dL)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '193', 'spread': '144', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '148', 'spread': '53', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '170', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mg/dL', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Baseline White Blood Cell Count (WBC) x10^9/L', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '16', 'spread': '10', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '19', 'spread': '9.7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '17.5', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'x10^9 cells/L', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Baseline Lactate (mM/L)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '4.45', 'spread': '3.5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '4.8', 'spread': '4.2', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '4.6', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'mM/L', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Baseline Procalcitonin (ng/mL)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '44', 'spread': '72', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '23', 'spread': '38', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '33.5', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'ng/mL', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Baseline Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '8.3', 'spread': '3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '7.9', 'spread': '3.5', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '8.1', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': 'Score from 0 to 24, with 24 indicating more organ dysfunction', 'unitOfMeasure': 'scores on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '24', 'spread': '7.6', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '24.9', 'spread': '8.7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '24.5', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': 'Score from 0 to 71, with a higher score indicating increased risk of ICU mortality', 'unitOfMeasure': 'scores on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '88', 'spread': '28.3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '87.5', 'spread': '29.7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '87.8', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': 'Score from 0 to 93, with a higher score indicating increased risk of ICU mortality', 'unitOfMeasure': 'scores on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'APACHE IV predicted mortality (%)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '34', 'spread': '3', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '33.6', 'spread': '2.6', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '33.8', 'spread': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': 'Percentage of predicted mortality as derived from APACHE IV score', 'unitOfMeasure': 'percentage of predicted mortality', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}]}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2019-05-13', 'size': 450665, 'label': 'Study Protocol', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': False, 'filename': 'Prot_003.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot', 'uploadDate': '2020-07-30T15:31', 'hasProtocol': True}, {'date': '2019-05-13', 'size': 287247, 'label': 'Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'SAP_006.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'SAP', 'uploadDate': '2020-11-11T13:20', 'hasProtocol': False}, {'date': '2018-05-31', 'size': 290259, 'label': 'Informed Consent Form', 'hasIcf': True, 'hasSap': False, 'filename': 'ICF_005.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'ICF', 'uploadDate': '2020-07-30T15:32', 'hasProtocol': False}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['PHASE2'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'TRIPLE', 'whoMasked': ['PARTICIPANT', 'CARE_PROVIDER', 'INVESTIGATOR'], 'maskingDescription': 'Patients will be randomized to receive either vitamin C/hydrocortisone/thiamine or triple placebo using a random number table provided to the dispensing pharmacists. Each patient will be allocated a unique subject ID which will be linked to the randomization sequence. Only the dispensing pharmacists will have a record of the subject ID and randomization sequence.'}, 'primaryPurpose': 'TREATMENT', 'interventionModel': 'PARALLEL', 'interventionModelDescription': 'This is a double-blind placebo controlled study. Only the dispensing pharmacist will be aware of the treatment allocation. Patients will be randomized to receive either vitamin C/hydrocortisone/thiamine or triple placebo using a random number table provided to the dispensing pharmacists. Each patient will be allocated a unique subject ID which will be linked to the randomization sequence. Only the dispensing pharmacists will have a record of the subject ID and randomization sequence.'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 140}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2018-02-05', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2020-11', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2019-08-27', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2021-08-25', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2018-01-25', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2020-07-13', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2018-01-30', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-09-21', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2021-08-25', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2018-02-05', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-09-21', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2019-06-05', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Time to Vasopressor Independence (Hours)', 'timeFrame': 'From start of vasopressor medication to final discontinuation of vasopressor medication, up to 7 days.', 'description': 'Defined as the time from starting the active treatment/placebo to discontinuation of all pressors.'}, {'measure': 'Change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score', 'timeFrame': '4 days post-randomization', 'description': 'Defined as the day 4 post-randomization SOFA score minus the initial SOFA score. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score is a mortality prediction score that is based on the degree of dysfunction of six organ systems. The score is calculated on admission and every 24 hours until discharge using the worst parameters measured during the prior 24 hours SOFA score ranges from 0 (no organ dysfunction) to 24 (highest possible score / organ dysfunction).'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Procalcitonin (PCT) Clearance', 'timeFrame': '4 days post-randomization', 'description': 'PCT at 96 hours minus initial PCT, divided by the initial PCT multiplied by 100.'}, {'measure': 'ICU Mortality', 'timeFrame': 'From admission to hospital until final discharge from the ICU, up to 28 days.', 'description': 'ICU mortality rate'}, {'measure': 'ICU Length of Stay', 'timeFrame': 'From admission to the ICU until final discharge from the ICU, up to an average of 7 days.', 'description': 'Time from admitting to ICU to discharge.'}, {'measure': 'Ventilator Free Days', 'timeFrame': '28 Days post-randomization', 'description': 'Number of days alive and off of the ventilator at day 28.'}, {'measure': 'Hospital Length of Stay', 'timeFrame': 'From admission to the hospital until final discharge, up to 28 days.', 'description': 'Time from admitting to discharge of hospital stay.'}, {'measure': 'Hospital Mortality', 'timeFrame': 'Survival until hospital discharge, up to 28 days.', 'description': 'In-hospital mortality rate.'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'isUsExport': False, 'oversightHasDmc': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': True, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'conditions': ['Sepsis, Severe', 'Septic Shock']}, 'referencesModule': {'references': [{'pmid': '20934212', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Adhikari NK, Fowler RA, Bhagwanjee S, Rubenfeld GD. Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults. Lancet. 2010 Oct 16;376(9749):1339-46. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60446-1. Epub 2010 Oct 11.'}, {'pmid': '24638143', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, Pilcher D, Bellomo R. Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000-2012. JAMA. 2014 Apr 2;311(13):1308-16. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.2637.'}, {'pmid': '15312226', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Silva E, Pedro Mde A, Sogayar AC, Mohovic T, Silva CL, Janiszewski M, Cal RG, de Sousa EF, Abe TP, de Andrade J, de Matos JD, Rezende E, Assuncao M, Avezum A, Rocha PC, de Matos GF, Bento AM, Correa AD, Vieira PC, Knobel E; Brazilian Sepsis Epidemiological Study. Brazilian Sepsis Epidemiological Study (BASES study). Crit Care. 2004 Aug;8(4):R251-60. doi: 10.1186/cc2892. 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Epub 2013 Aug 5.'}, {'pmid': '19840845', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Han M, Pendem S, Teh SL, Sukumaran DK, Wu F, Wilson JX. Ascorbate protects endothelial barrier function during septic insult: Role of protein phosphatase type 2A. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Jan 1;48(1):128-35. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.10.034. Epub 2009 Oct 17.'}, {'pmid': '25896849', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Kim SR, Ha YM, Kim YM, Park EJ, Kim JW, Park SW, Kim HJ, Chung HT, Chang KC. Ascorbic acid reduces HMGB1 secretion in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells and improves survival rate in septic mice by activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signals. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015 Jun 15;95(4):279-89. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.04.007. Epub 2015 Apr 17.'}, {'pmid': '12897061', 'type': 'BACKGROUND', 'citation': 'Bornstein SR, Yoshida-Hiroi M, Sotiriou S, Levine M, Hartwig HG, Nussbaum RL, Eisenhofer G. 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Epub 2020 Mar 17.'}]}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'This study has been created to compare the addition of intravenous (IV) vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone to the usual standard of care of sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis is a possibly life-threatening condition in which a patient may have organ dysfunction due to an infection. Septic shock is defined as low blood pressure and organ dysfunction that do not improve after administering IV fluids. Standard of care for sepsis and septic shock include early administration of IV antibiotics, IV fluids, and vasopressors if need be to provide oxygen to vital organs.\n\nA large amount of experimental data has shown that vitamin C and corticosteroids decrease the release of inflammatory substances which may lead to organ failure seen in sepsis. Vitamin C and corticosteroids also improve blood flow to vital organs and increase the body\'s ability to respond well to vasopressor medications used in septic shock. Low blood levels of both thiamine and vitamin C are common in sepsis. The study will be placebo controlled, meaning one group will receive vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone, and the other will receive an inactive substance ("placebo"). The goal of the study is to compare the effects of receiving vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone (along with the standard sepsis care) versus placebo and standard sepsis care.', 'detailedDescription': 'The global burden of sepsis is substantial with an estimated 15 to 19 million cases per year; the vast majority of these cases occur in low income countries. With more timely diagnosis and improvement in supportive care the 28-day mortality from sepsis in high income countries has declined to about 25%, however, the mortality from septic shock remains as high as 45%. Moreover, the mortality from sepsis and septic shock in low income countries is reported to be as high as 60%. In addition to short term mortality, septic patients suffer from a numerous short- and long-term complications and are at an increased risk of death for up to five years following the acute event. Over the last 3 decades over 100 phase II and phase III clinical trial have been performed testing various novel pharmacologic agents and therapeutic intervention in an attempt to improve the outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock; all of these studies have failed to show an improvement in patient outcomes. New therapeutic approaches to sepsis are desperately required; considering the global burden of sepsis these interventions should be effective, cheap, safe and readily available.\n\nA large body of experimental data has demonstrated that both corticosteroids and intravenous vitamin C reduce activation of nuclear factor ƘB (NFƘB) attenuating the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, reduce the endothelial injury characteristic of sepsis thereby reducing endothelial permeability and improving macrocirculatory flow, augment the release of endogenous catecholamines and enhance vasopressor responsiveness. In animal models these effects have resulted in reduced organ injury and increased survival. Corticosteroids have been evaluated in several clinical trials, with meta-analysis of these trials demonstrating somewhat conflicting outcomes. Low-dose stress corticosteroids have proven to be safe with no increased risk of clinically important complications. While corticosteroids decrease vasopressor dependency the effect on survival is less clear.\n\nSeveral studies have investigated the use of intravenous vitamin C in critically ill patients. Nathens et al randomized 595 surgical ICU patients (91% trauma patients) to receive intravenous vitamin C and vitamin E for up to 28 days.The vitamin combination was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of multiple system organ failure (p=0.04) with a trend to reduced mortality and length of ICU stay. No adverse effects were noted with the vitamin combination. Fowler et al performed a pilot study in 24 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. In this study patients were randomized to placebo (n=8), low dose intravenous vitamin C (50 mg/kg) (n=8) or high dose vitamin C (200mg/kg). Vitamin C attenuated the inflammatory response with both doses of the vitamin being devoid of any side effects. Although the Sequential Sepsis Related Organ Failure Score (SOFA) fell significantly in both treatment arms the study was underpowered to determine any outcome benefit. Zabet and colleagues performed a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which they evaluated the role of intravenous vitamin C in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day (about 7g/day) in 28 surgical ICU patients with septic shock. In this study the mean dose of norepinephrine and duration of norepinephrine administration were significantly lower in the ascorbic acid than the placebo group. The 28-day mortality was significantly lower in the ascorbic acid than the placebo group (14% vs. 64%, p = 0.009). No side effects related to the vitamin C infusion were reported. Tanaka et al randomized 37 patients with severe burn to very high dose vitamin C (about 110g/day) or placebo. Patients who received vitamin C required less fluid resuscitation with a trend towards reduced length of stay and mortality. No adverse effects were noted with the very high dosages of vitamin C. Several studies have administered vitamin C in doses exceeding 100g/day as adjuvant therapy in patients with cancer with no discernable side effects. Vitamin C appears to be toxic to normal human cells (not cancer cells) at a concentration on greater than 25 millimole (mM). A dose of 6g/day will achieve a steady state serum concentration of about 240 micromole (uM) which is about 100 times less than the dose required to cause cellular toxicity. The package insert for vitamin C lists no contraindications or adverse effects of the drug and states that as much as "6 grams has been administered without evidence of toxicity". The only reported restriction to the use of high dose intravenous vitamin C is in patients with known glucose-6-phosphate deficiency (G6PD) in whom hemolysis has been reported. It is important to recognize that patents with sepsis predictably have very low serum vitamin C levels, which can only be corrected with intravenous vitamin C in a dose of more than 3gm per day. The low or undetectable levels of vitamin C likely result from the metabolic consumption of the molecule as well as increased renal losses. Furthermore, unlike all other mammals, primates and guinea pigs are unable synthesize vitamin C is due to mutations in the L-gulono-\\_-lactone oxidase (GLO) gene which codes for the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the last step of vitamin C biosynthesis. In almost all species, except humans and guinea pigs, vitamin C production increases during stress and is secreted by the adrenal gland; in these species vitamin C is best considered a stress "hormone". Vitamin C is an essential cofactor for the production of corticosteroids and catecholamines by the adrenal gland. Vitamin C has been shown to reverse adrenal suppression caused by induction doses of etomidate during anesthesia.\n\nAscorbate donates a single electron in all its redox reactions, generating the ascorbate radical. This radical is not very reactive with anything but itself. Dismutation of two ascorbate radicals forms a molecule each of ascorbate and dehydroascorbate. Hydrolysis of the lactone ring of dehydroascorbate irreversibly converts it to 2,3-diketo-1-gulonic acid which is then converted to oxalate. Oxalate is normally excreted by the kidney and serum levels will increase with renal impairment. In patients with renal impairment receiving mega-dose vitamin C, supersaturation of serum with oxalate may result in tissue deposition as well as crystallization in the kidney. Glyoxylate, a byproduct of intermediary metabolism, is either reduced to oxalate or oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) by the enzyme glyoxylate aminotransferase; thiamine pyrophosphate is a co-enzyme required for this reaction. Thiamine deficiency increases the conversion of glyoxylate to oxalate resulting in hyper- oxalosis. Donnino and colleagues have demonstrated that thiamine deficiency is common (32%) in patients with sepsis and that treatment with thiamine in these patients reduces mortality. In a post-hoc analysis of this study these authors demonstrated that thiamine decreased the risk of acute kidney injury and the required for renal replacement therapy in all treated patients.\n\nIt has previously been suggested that "...the best hope for therapeutic advances \\[in sepsis\\] will depend on broad-base targeting, in which multiple components are targeted at the same time." Such combination "chemo-therapy" targeting multiple biological pathways is the standard approach in the treatment of malignant disease. While the benefits of vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine alone are likely limited, the investigators believe that these medications act synergistically to reduce the risk of organ failure and death in patients with sepsis. This hypothesis is supported previous research and more recently a set of elegant experiments performed by Barabutis et al. Using a validated pulmonary endothelial monolayer model, these authors demonstrated that hydrocortisone together with vitamin C protected the vascular endothelium from damage by endotoxin while neither agent alone had this effect. Previous research has demonstrated that vitamin C reverses oxidation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) a likely manifestation of sepsis. Oxidation of the GR limits binding of the GR to both ligand and DNA responsive units decreasing the activity of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, glucocorticoids increase the expression of the sodium vitamin C transporter-2 (SVCT-2) which is an essential transport protein necessary for vitamin C to be transported intracellularly.\n\nThe investigators therefore propose that a "metabolic resuscitation protocol" including vitamin C, corticosteroids and thiamine will limit the development of organ failure and reduce mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. This postulate is supported by the preliminary findings by Marik et al. In a retrospective before-after clinical study, these authors compared the outcome and clinical course of consecutive septic patients treated with intravenous vitamin C, hydrocortisone and thiamine during a 7-month period (treatment group) compared to a control group treated in during the preceding 7 months. The primary outcome was hospital survival. A propensity score was generated to adjust the primary outcome. There were 47 patients in both treatment and control groups with no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. The hospital mortality was 8.5% (4 of 47) in the treatment group compared to 40.4% (19 of 47) in the control group (p \\< 0.001). The propensity adjusted odds of mortality in the patients treated with the vitamin C protocol was 0.13 (95% CI 0.04-0.48, p=0.002). The SOFA score decreased in all patients in the treatment group with none developing progressive organ failure. Vasopressors were weaned off all patients in the treatment group, a mean of 18.3 ± 9.8 hours after starting treatment with vitamin C protocol. The mean duration of vasopressor use was 54.9 ± 28.4 hours in the control group (p\\<0.001). The results of this study provide sufficient information for the design of an adequately powered, pragmatic randomized controlled trial.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT', 'OLDER_ADULT'], 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': False, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\ni. Diagnosis of sepsis or septic shock within 12 hours of admission to the ICU ii. Informed consent as dictated by IRB and local practice. iii. Compliance with the 3 hour sepsis bundle\n\n* 30ml/kg of intravenous crystalloid fluid (e.g.: sodium chloride 0.9%) for lactic acid \\>4 and/or systolic blood pressure \\<90mmHg / mean arterial pressure \\<65mmHg\n* Lactic acid level drawn\n* Broad spectrum antibiotics given after obtaining blood cultures\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\ni. Age \\< 18 years ii. Pregnant iii. DNR/DNI with limitations of care on admission iv. Patients with terminal end stage disease (i.e. stage IV cancer, end stage heart failure) that are unlikely to survive to hospital discharge v. Patients with a primary admitting diagnosis of an acute cerebral vascular event, acute coronary syndrome, active gastrointestinal bleeding, burn or trauma \\[64-66\\] vi. Requirement for immediate surgery \\[64-66\\] vii. Patients with HIV and a CD4 \\< 50 mm2 \\[64-66\\] viii. Patients with known glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PD) deficiency.\\[39\\] ix. Patients with sepsis/septic shock transferred from another hospital x. Patients with features of sepsis/septic shock \\> 24 hours after admission'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT03422159', 'acronym': 'ORANGES', 'briefTitle': 'Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in Sepsis.', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ'}, 'officialTitle': 'Outcomes of Metabolic Resuscitation Using Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Glucocorticoids in the Early Treatment of Sepsis.', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': '17-004'}}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Treatment Arm', 'description': 'Based on published clinical data, vitamin C pharmacokinetic modeling, the package insert as well as the preliminary study by Marik et al, Vitamin C will be administered as an intravenous dose of 6gm per day divided in 4 equal doses. This dosage is reported to be devoid of any complications or side effects. Hydrocortisone will be dosed according to the consensus guidelines of the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Thiamine will be administered according to current recommendations in a dose of 200mg q 12 hourly. This will be continued for 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.', 'interventionNames': ['Drug: Ascorbic Acid', 'Drug: Thiamine', 'Drug: Hydrocortisone']}, {'type': 'PLACEBO_COMPARATOR', 'label': 'Placebo Arm', 'description': 'Vitamin C placebo will consist of an identical bag of 100mL normal saline (but with no vitamin C) and will be labeled "Vitamin C or Placebo". Placebo will be infused over 30 minutes as per the infusion instructions of the active vitamin and protected from light with a brown bag. Hydrocortisone placebo will be provided as an identical 3mL syringe as 1mL of normal saline.The thiamine placebo will be placed in a 50mL bag of Normal Saline labeled "Thiamine 200mg or Placebo" and run over 30 minutes (100mL/hr) Placebo patients will receive a matching 50mL bag of Normal Saline. All of these will be given for up to 4 days, or less if discharged from the ICU prior.', 'interventionNames': ['Drug: Sodium Chloride 0.9%']}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Ascorbic Acid', 'type': 'DRUG', 'otherNames': ['Vitamin C'], 'description': 'Ascorbic Acid 1.5g IV piggyback every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).', 'armGroupLabels': ['Treatment Arm']}, {'name': 'Thiamine', 'type': 'DRUG', 'description': 'Thiamine 200mg IV piggyback every 12 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).', 'armGroupLabels': ['Treatment Arm']}, {'name': 'Hydrocortisone', 'type': 'DRUG', 'otherNames': ['Solucortef'], 'description': 'Hydrocortisone 50mg IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).', 'armGroupLabels': ['Treatment Arm']}, {'name': 'Sodium Chloride 0.9%', 'type': 'DRUG', 'otherNames': ['Placebo'], 'description': 'Placebo "Ascorbic Acid" 100mL IV piggyback every 6 hours, Placebo "Thiamine" 50mL IV piggyback every 12 hours, and Placebo "Hydrocortisone" IV push every 6 hours for 4 days (or discharge from ICU if prior to 4 days).', 'armGroupLabels': ['Placebo Arm']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '08701', 'city': 'Lakewood', 'state': 'New Jersey', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'Monmouth Medical Center, Southern Campus', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 40.09789, 'lon': -74.21764}}, {'zip': '08755', 'city': 'Toms River', 'state': 'New Jersey', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'Community Medical Center', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 39.95373, 'lon': -74.19792}}]}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'SPONSOR'}}}}