Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-25 @ 2:12 AM
Ignite Modification Date:
2026-02-22 @ 5:09 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT01724060
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2020-03-31
First Post:
2012-10-16
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Effects of Obesity Treatments on Food Preferences and Metabolism
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'conditionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D009765', 'term': 'Obesity'}, {'id': 'D003924', 'term': 'Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D050177', 'term': 'Overweight'}, {'id': 'D044343', 'term': 'Overnutrition'}, {'id': 'D009748', 'term': 'Nutrition Disorders'}, {'id': 'D009750', 'term': 'Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases'}, {'id': 'D001835', 'term': 'Body Weight'}, {'id': 'D012816', 'term': 'Signs and Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D013568', 'term': 'Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D003920', 'term': 'Diabetes Mellitus'}, {'id': 'D044882', 'term': 'Glucose Metabolism Disorders'}, {'id': 'D008659', 'term': 'Metabolic Diseases'}, {'id': 'D004700', 'term': 'Endocrine System Diseases'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'c.leroux@imperial.ac.uk', 'phone': '07970719453', 'title': 'Carel le Roux', 'organization': 'Imperial College'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': True}, 'limitationsAndCaveats': {'description': 'The study was limited by different treatment modalities being compared such as endobarrier, gastric bypass and medication'}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': '1 year', 'description': 'No difference', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Gastric Bypass', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric bypass surgery.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Gastric Banding', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric banding.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG002', 'title': 'Sleeve Gastrectomy', 'description': 'Patients due for sleeve gastrectomy.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG003', 'title': 'EndoBarrier', 'description': 'Patients due to undergo endoscopic Endobarrier insertion.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG004', 'title': 'Exenatide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Exenatide.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG005', 'title': 'Liraglutide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Liraglutide.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG006', 'title': 'Lifestyle', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on a lifestyle intervention programme.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG007', 'title': 'Elective Surgery or Endoscopy', 'description': 'Patients due to have non bariatric surgery (i.e. cholecystectomy) or an elective diagnostic endoscopy. No adverse events recorded.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 10, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 10, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Change in Energy Intake From Baseline', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG003'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG004'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG005'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG006'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'OG007'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Gastric Bypass', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric bypass surgery'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Gastric Banding', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric banding'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Sleeve Gastrectomy', 'description': 'Patients due for sleeve gastrectomy'}, {'id': 'OG003', 'title': 'Endobarrier', 'description': 'Patients due to undergo endoscopic Endobarrier insertion'}, {'id': 'OG004', 'title': 'Exenatide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Exenatide'}, {'id': 'OG005', 'title': 'Liraglutide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Liraglutide'}, {'id': 'OG006', 'title': 'Lifestyle', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on a lifestyle intervention programme'}, {'id': 'OG007', 'title': 'Elective Surgery or Endoscopy', 'description': 'Patients due to have non bariatric surgery (i.e. cholecystectomy) or an elective diagnostic endoscopy'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '500', 'spread': '55', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '310', 'spread': '76', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '482', 'spread': '69', 'groupId': 'OG002'}, {'value': '5', 'spread': '105', 'groupId': 'OG003'}, {'value': '27', 'spread': '92', 'groupId': 'OG004'}, {'value': '103', 'spread': '74', 'groupId': 'OG005'}, {'value': '11', 'spread': '129', 'groupId': 'OG006'}, {'value': '15', 'spread': '114', 'groupId': 'OG007'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 12 months', 'description': 'The difference in total calories consumption between baseline and 12 months', 'unitOfMeasure': 'kcal', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED', 'populationDescription': 'Patients that had specific obesity interventions.'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Change in Appetite Ratings From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change 12 months', 'description': 'Visual Analogues difference between baseline and follow up', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Change in Metabolites From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 12 months', 'description': 'Blood samples difference between baseline and follow up', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Change in Hepatic Insulin Resistance From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 1 week after intervention', 'description': 'Insulin clamps difference between baseline and follow up', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Change in Macronutrient Composition From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 12 months', 'description': 'Macronutrients difference between baseline and follow up', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Gastric Bypass', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric bypass surgery'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Gastric Banding', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric banding'}, {'id': 'FG002', 'title': 'Sleeve Gastrectomy', 'description': 'Patients due for sleeve gastrectomy'}, {'id': 'FG003', 'title': 'Endobarrier', 'description': 'Patients due to undergo endoscopic Endobarrier insertion'}, {'id': 'FG004', 'title': 'Exenatide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Exenatide'}, {'id': 'FG005', 'title': 'Liraglutide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Liraglutide'}, {'id': 'FG006', 'title': 'Lifestyle', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on a lifestyle intervention programme'}, {'id': 'FG007', 'title': 'Elective Surgery or Endoscopy', 'description': 'Patients due to have non bariatric surgery (i.e. cholecystectomy) or an elective diagnostic endoscopy'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '10'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '10'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '10'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG003', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG004', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG005', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG006', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG007', 'numSubjects': '0'}]}]}], 'preAssignmentDetails': 'There were no pre assignments requirements'}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '80', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Gastric Bypass', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric bypass surgery'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Gastric Banding', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric banding'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Sleeve Gastrectomy', 'description': 'Patients due for sleeve gastrectomy'}, {'id': 'BG003', 'title': 'Endobarrier', 'description': 'Patients due to undergo endoscopic Endobarrier insertion'}, {'id': 'BG004', 'title': 'Exenatide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Exenatide'}, {'id': 'BG005', 'title': 'Liraglutide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Liraglutide'}, {'id': 'BG006', 'title': 'Lifestyle', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on a lifestyle intervention programme'}, {'id': 'BG007', 'title': 'Elective Surgery or Endoscopy', 'description': 'Patients due to have non bariatric surgery (i.e. cholecystectomy) or an elective diagnostic endoscopy'}, {'id': 'BG008', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Categorical', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': '<=18 years', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}, {'title': 'Between 18 and 65 years', 'measurements': [{'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '80', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}, {'title': '>=65 years', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Age, Continuous', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '42', 'spread': '12', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '40', 'spread': '14', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '44', 'spread': '9', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '43', 'spread': '7', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '44', 'spread': '8', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '41', 'spread': '7', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '43', 'spread': '13', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '40', 'spread': '15', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '42', 'spread': '9', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'year', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '41', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '3', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '4', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '39', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'title': 'Hispanic or Latino', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}, {'title': 'Not Hispanic or Latino', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}, {'title': 'Unknown or Not Reported', 'measurements': [{'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '80', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Region of Enrollment', 'classes': [{'title': 'United Kingdom', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '10', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '80', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'unitOfMeasure': 'participants'}, {'title': 'Food Intake', 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '1505', 'spread': '205', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '1490', 'spread': '218', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '1482', 'spread': '162', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '1511', 'spread': '197', 'groupId': 'BG003'}, {'value': '1503', 'spread': '222', 'groupId': 'BG004'}, {'value': '1420', 'spread': '183', 'groupId': 'BG005'}, {'value': '1471', 'spread': '193', 'groupId': 'BG006'}, {'value': '1453', 'spread': '211', 'groupId': 'BG007'}, {'value': '1503', 'spread': '198', 'groupId': 'BG008'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'kcal', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}], 'populationDescription': 'Patients attending obesity clinic from living in a multinational city such as London.'}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2013-06-12', 'size': 741879, 'label': 'Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP', 'uploadDate': '2020-02-14T07:00', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'bioSpec': {'retention': 'SAMPLES_WITHOUT_DNA', 'description': 'Human plasma'}, 'studyType': 'OBSERVATIONAL', 'designInfo': {'timePerspective': 'PROSPECTIVE', 'observationalModel': 'CASE_CONTROL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 80}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2012-09'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2020-03', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2017-10', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2020-03-19', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2012-10-16', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2020-02-17', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2012-11-08', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2020-03-31', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2020-03-19', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2012-11-09', 'type': 'ESTIMATED'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2020-03-31', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2017-10', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Change in Energy Intake From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 12 months', 'description': 'The difference in total calories consumption between baseline and 12 months'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Change in Appetite Ratings From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change 12 months', 'description': 'Visual Analogues difference between baseline and follow up'}, {'measure': 'Change in Metabolites From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 12 months', 'description': 'Blood samples difference between baseline and follow up'}, {'measure': 'Change in Hepatic Insulin Resistance From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 1 week after intervention', 'description': 'Insulin clamps difference between baseline and follow up'}, {'measure': 'Change in Macronutrient Composition From Baseline', 'timeFrame': 'Change at 12 months', 'description': 'Macronutrients difference between baseline and follow up'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': True}, 'conditionsModule': {'conditions': ['Obesity', 'Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus are major health problems which are becoming a burden both for patients and health systems alike. The surgical and medical treatments available for these conditions have improved significantly in the last two decades. The investigators do not however know how these treatments compare to each other and how they act in the body to cause weight loss and diabetes improvements. The studies of this experiment are complementary to each other. They aim to answer related questions and will allow us to study how these treatments work and eventually develop safer and more effective therapies for obesity and diabetes.', 'detailedDescription': 'The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity surgical procedures and incretin therapies on food preferences, satiety, gut hormones, bile acids and hepatic glucose output in overweight and obese patients.\n\nAs part of routine care these patients will be seen by a dietician/diabetes specialist nurse (DSN) before and after intervention. Patients will be asked to prospectively complete food diaries on three consecutive days which are representative of their usual dietary intake. The first food diary will be completed three months to two weeks pre intervention. Another four food diaries will be completed post intervention: at one, three months, 6 months and one year. Total energy intake and macronutrient composition comparisons pre and post intervention will form the basis of our analysis.\n\n20 patients in each group will undergo more detailed measurements of food intake, hunger, satiety, gut hormones and bile acids. The research protocol will be the similar to that previously published by the Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College, London. Participants will be fasted for 12 hours overnight and will attend for the study on 5 occasions. On each occasion venous blood samples will be taken and visual analogue scores will be measured over a 3 hour period using previously published methodology Samples or sample containers will be anonymised before collection but will be traceable back to the individual patients. Urine will be collected once. A qualified medical doctor will insert a venepuncture cannula into the arm of the patient and 5ml blood will be withdrawn at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes following ingestion of a standard 400kcal meal as below.\n\nTen patients in each group (different from those taking part in the meal studies) will undergo measurements of hepatic glucose output/insulin resistance through euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamps (Metabolic Study). To ensure that acute caloric restriction does not affect insulin sensitivity, patients will be on a low calorie liquid diet for 4-14 days and 3-7 days after intervention to ensure that their weight is stable throughout the study. This diet is nutritious and contains all appropriate macronutrients. Such diets are frequently used as part of pre-obesity interventions to reduce weight and risk. Patients will provide the investigators with a detailed food diary of their food consumption for this period.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT', 'OLDER_ADULT'], 'maximumAge': '70 Years', 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'samplingMethod': 'NON_PROBABILITY_SAMPLE', 'studyPopulation': 'Patients from the community or hospital care', 'healthyVolunteers': True, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Adult patients with overweight and/or obesity (BMI ≥30 Kg/m2) who are eligible for obesity treatment based on NICE guidance or that are having non bariatric surgery or endoscopy.\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* None'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT01724060', 'acronym': 'FPS', 'briefTitle': 'Effects of Obesity Treatments on Food Preferences and Metabolism', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'Imperial College London'}, 'officialTitle': 'The Effects of Current Treatments of Obesity on Food Preferences, Gut Hormones, Bile Acids and Hepatic Glucose Output in Humans.', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': 'FPS'}}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'label': 'Gastric bypass', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric bypass surgery'}, {'label': 'Gastric banding', 'description': 'Patients due for gastric banding'}, {'label': 'Sleeve gastrectomy', 'description': 'Patients due for sleeve gastrectomy'}, {'label': 'Endobarrier', 'description': 'Patients due to undergo endoscopic Endobarrier insertion'}, {'label': 'Exenatide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Exenatide'}, {'label': 'Liraglutide', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on Liraglutide'}, {'label': 'Lifestyle', 'description': 'Patients due to be commenced on a lifestyle intervention programme'}, {'label': 'Elective surgery or endoscopy', 'description': 'Patients due to have non bariatric surgery (i.e. cholecystectomy) or an elective diagnostic endoscopy'}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'city': 'Guildford', 'country': 'United Kingdom', 'facility': 'Royal Surrey County Hospital', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 51.23536, 'lon': -0.57427}}, {'city': 'London', 'country': 'United Kingdom', 'facility': 'Imperial Weight Centre', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 51.50853, 'lon': -0.12574}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Carel W le Roux, MRCP PhD', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': 'Imperial College London'}]}, 'ipdSharingStatementModule': {'ipdSharing': 'NO'}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'Imperial College London', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'SPONSOR'}}}}