Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-25 @ 2:06 AM
Ignite Modification Date:
2025-12-26 @ 3:41 AM
Study NCT ID:
NCT05452460
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2025-01-30
First Post:
2022-07-06
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Mindfulness Training, Mental Fatigue, Endurance Performance and Neurocognitive Functions
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'conditionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D005222', 'term': 'Mental Fatigue'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D005221', 'term': 'Fatigue'}, {'id': 'D012816', 'term': 'Signs and Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D013568', 'term': 'Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D001526', 'term': 'Behavioral Symptoms'}, {'id': 'D001519', 'term': 'Behavior'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'yukaichangnew@gmail.com', 'phone': '+886277493223', 'title': 'Dr. Yu-Kai Chang', 'organization': 'Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': False, 'restrictiveAgreement': False}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': 'Through study completion, up to 1 month post-intervention.', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 26, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 26, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 26, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 27, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 27, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 27, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (pre-test)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '10.79', 'spread': '57.89', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '5.47', 'spread': '42.72', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Condition difference in RT of Flanker task (post-test)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '4.11', 'spread': '19.63', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.61', 'spread': '19.90', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.11', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'ANCOVA with post-test condition difference in RT as the outcome, with Group as the factor, and pre-test condition difference in RT as the covariate.'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \\> \\> \\> \\> \\>) and incongruent (i.e., \\< \\< \\> \\< \\<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'millisecond', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Inhibitory Control: Accuracy', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (pre-test)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '6.15', 'spread': '11.79', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '2.32', 'spread': '11.97', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Condition difference in ACC of Flanker task (post-test)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '2.60', 'spread': '6.12', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '2.61', 'spread': '4.83', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> .05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.18', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'ANCOVA with post-test condition difference in ACC the outcome, with Group as the factor, and pre-test condition difference in ACC as the covariate.'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \\> \\> \\> \\> \\>) and incongruent (i.e., \\< \\< \\> \\< \\<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'percentage of correct response', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'ERP: N2', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Condition difference in N2 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-1.27', 'spread': '3.48', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-1.14', 'spread': '4.85', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Condition difference in N2 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.72', 'spread': '4.07', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.18', 'spread': '2.58', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.32', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'ANCOVA with post-test condition difference in N2 the outcome, with Group as the factor, and pre-test condition difference in N2 as the covariate.'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \\& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'μV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'ERP: P3', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Condition difference in P3 amplitude at pre-test (incongruent trial)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.28', 'spread': '3.85', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.19', 'spread': '5.23', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Condition difference in P3 amplitude at post-test (incongruent trial)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.78', 'spread': '6.05', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.69', 'spread': '5.60', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.71', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'ANCOVA with post-test condition difference in P3 the outcome, with Group as the factor, and pre-test condition difference in P3 as the covariate.'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \\& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'μV', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Condition difference in TTE at pre-test', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '28.50', 'spread': '32.28', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '23.89', 'spread': '36.43', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Condition difference in TTE at post-test', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-20.06', 'spread': '33.54', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '13.15', 'spread': '34.45', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '< 0.01', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '13.35', 'estimateComment': '\\[F(1, 52) = 13.35, p = .001, ηp2 = .211\\]', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'ANCOVA with post-test condition difference in TTE the outcome, with Group as the factor, and pre-test condition difference in TTE as the covariate.'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': "The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The time to exhaustion (TTE) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in TTE between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test.", 'unitOfMeasure': 'second', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Endurance Performance: VO2max', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Condition difference in VO2max at pre-test', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.86', 'spread': '4.88', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.92', 'spread': '4.12', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Condition difference in VO2max at post-test', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.16', 'spread': '2.92', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.02', 'spread': '3.62', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.02', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test condition difference in VO2max Covariate: Pre-test condition difference in VO2max'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': "The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in VO2max between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test.", 'unitOfMeasure': 'ml/kg/min', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Subjective Mental Fatigue', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'VAS score at T1 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '25.19', 'spread': '11.44', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '24.26', 'spread': '10.89', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T2 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '47.69', 'spread': '13.66', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '49.07', 'spread': '16.06', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T3 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '57.12', 'spread': '16.01', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '55.56', 'spread': '22.67', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T1 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '24.81', 'spread': '13.38', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '21.30', 'spread': '11.40', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T2 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '36.92', 'spread': '16.00', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '39.26', 'spread': '11.49', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T3 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '40.77', 'spread': '16.89', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '40.19', 'spread': '13.90', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T1 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '22.38', 'spread': '13.43', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '22.78', 'spread': '11.06', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T2 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '48.50', 'spread': '13.79', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '50.52', 'spread': '18.09', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T3 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '50.77', 'spread': '15.56', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '50.78', 'spread': '18.27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T1 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '21.08', 'spread': '12.94', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '24.04', 'spread': '15.63', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T2 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '36.69', 'spread': '13.49', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '42.04', 'spread': '14.27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'VAS score at T3 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '35.08', 'spread': '10.62', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '42.07', 'spread': '12.43', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '< 0.01', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '38.76', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Four-way mixed-design ANOVA: 2 (GROUP) × 2 (CONDITION) × 3 (ASSESSMENT TIME) × 2 (Experiment Phase)'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task and after Flanker task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Both in the baseline and post-intervention, the visual analog scale for mental fatigue (VAS-MF) was used to assess changes in subjective mental fatigue before and after experimental manipulation. The scale ranges from 0 (not at all mentally fatigued) to 100 (extremely mentally fatigued).', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Objective Mental Fatigue', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '87.09', 'spread': '9.82', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '88.11', 'spread': '8.92', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '83.77', 'spread': '1.43', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '85.27', 'spread': '12.18', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '82.54', 'spread': '13.80', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '86.36', 'spread': '11.12', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '83.72', 'spread': '13.30', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '85.36', 'spread': '11.24', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in pre-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '82.94', 'spread': '16.29', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '82.63', 'spread': '17.43', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '91.65', 'spread': '6.10', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '92.63', 'spread': '5.83', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '89.61', 'spread': '8.53', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '91.52', 'spread': '5.47', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '86.92', 'spread': '12.89', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '90.68', 'spread': '7.03', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '87.94', 'spread': '8.77', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '88.96', 'spread': '9.90', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in pre-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '86.70', 'spread': '10.68', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '85.62', 'spread': '11.96', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '87.25', 'spread': '8.13', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '87.77', 'spread': '10.21', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '84.69', 'spread': '9.87', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '85.93', 'spread': '9.81', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '83.20', 'spread': '11.14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '84.73', 'spread': '11.75', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '83.70', 'spread': '10.92', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '84.41', 'spread': '10.04', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in post-test (mental fatigue condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '82.06', 'spread': '13.29', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '84.24', 'spread': '10.86', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 1 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '93.21', 'spread': '5.47', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '94.35', 'spread': '4.42', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 2 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '90.84', 'spread': '7.28', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '91.59', 'spread': '5.93', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 3 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '90.85', 'spread': '6.14', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '91.97', 'spread': '6.27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 4 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '88.81', 'spread': '7.19', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '90.08', 'spread': '5.86', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'The ACC of Stroop_Block 5 in post-test (control condition)', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '87.41', 'spread': '8.48', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '88.68', 'spread': '8.09', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '< 0.01', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '9.21', 'pValueComment': 'The main effect of the Stroop block on accuracy showed a decrease from the first block to the fifth block.', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Four-way mixed-design ANOVA: 2 (GROUP) × 2 (CONDITION) × 5 (BLOCK) × 2 (Phase)'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Post 30-minute mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Both at baseline and post-intervention, participants completed either a 30-min 100% incongruent version Stroop task (i.e., mental fatigue condition) or a 30-min 100% congruent version Stroop task (i.e., control condition). In the Stroop task, accuracy (ACC) was calculated as an index of objective mental fatigue. It is expressed as a percentage, determined by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of responses.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'percentage', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Dispositional Mindfulness', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group engaged in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" was used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group was asked to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in the control group finished the whole experiment, they were invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'AMQ score in pre-test', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3.94', 'spread': '0.59', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '4.04', 'spread': '0.53', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'AMQ score in post-test', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '4.13', 'spread': '0.55', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3.87', 'spread': '0.44', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '< 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '7.07', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test mean score Covariate: Pre-test mean score'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline (pre-test) and 8 weeks (post-test)', 'description': 'The change in dispositional mindfulness was assessed using the 16-item (5-Likert scale) athlete mindfulness questionnaire (AMQ). The mean score range is between 1-5. Higher mean scores indicate a higher level of dispositional mindfulness.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Mood State: Anger', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Change of anger in pre-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.13', 'spread': '0.64', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.06', 'spread': '0.24', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of anger in post-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.21', 'spread': '0.52', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.05', 'spread': '0.33', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of anger in pre-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.12', 'spread': '0.38', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.37', 'spread': '0.49', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of anger in post-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.04', 'spread': '0.36', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.03', 'spread': '0.31', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '1.37', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test condition difference in changed anger Covariate: Pre-test condition difference in changed anger'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher anger mood.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Mood State: Confusion', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Change of confusion in pre-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.59', 'spread': '0.78', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.56', 'spread': '0.75', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of confusion in post-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.70', 'spread': '0.63', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.50', 'spread': '0.56', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of confusion in pre-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.37', 'spread': '0.49', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.29', 'spread': '0.54', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of confusion in post-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.18', 'spread': '0.40', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.30', 'spread': '0.56', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '2.73', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test condition difference in changed confusion Covariate: Pre-test condition difference in changed confusion'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher confusion mood.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Mood State: Depression', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Change of depression in pre-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.07', 'spread': '0.56', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.05', 'spread': '0.38', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of depression in post-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.17', 'spread': '0.50', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.14', 'spread': '0.52', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of depression in pre-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.12', 'spread': '0.38', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.01', 'spread': '0.28', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of depression in post-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.01', 'spread': '0.25', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.07', 'spread': '0.38', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.07', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test condition difference in changed depression Covariate: Pre-test condition difference in changed depression'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher depression mood.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Mood State: Fatigue', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Change of fatigue in pre-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '1.23', 'spread': '1.07', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1.26', 'spread': '1.00', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of fatigue in post-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '1.04', 'spread': '0.90', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.86', 'spread': '0.85', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of fatigue in pre-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.98', 'spread': '0.93', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.78', 'spread': '0.94', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of fatigue in post-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.65', 'spread': '0.92', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.64', 'spread': '0.81', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.20', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test condition difference in changed fatigue Covariate: Pre-test condition difference in changed fatigue'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher fatigue mood.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Mood State: Tension', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Change of tension in pre-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.06', 'spread': '0.69', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.14', 'spread': '0.43', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of tension in post-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.20', 'spread': '0.54', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.11', 'spread': '0.42', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of tension in pre-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0.07', 'spread': '0.40', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '0.04', 'spread': '0.54', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of tension in post-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.00', 'spread': '0.35', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.05', 'spread': '0.41', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.01', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test condition difference in changed confusion Covariate: Pre-test condition difference in changed confusion'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher tension mood.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Mood State: Vigour', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'classes': [{'title': 'Change of vigour in pre-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.92', 'spread': '0.78', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-1.05', 'spread': '0.92', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of vigour in post-mental fatigue condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.74', 'spread': '0.75', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.71', 'spread': '0.72', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of vigour in pre-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.81', 'spread': '0.78', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.85', 'spread': '0.66', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}, {'title': 'Change of vigour in post-control condition', 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '-0.49', 'spread': '0.71', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '-0.68', 'spread': '0.64', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '> 0.05', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Mean Difference (Final Values)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'paramValue': '0.66', 'statisticalMethod': 'ANCOVA', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY', 'statisticalComment': 'Factor: Group Outcome: Post-test condition difference in changed confusion Covariate: Pre-test condition difference in changed confusion'}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher vigor mood.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'score on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'Standard Deviation', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Perception of Effort', 'timeFrame': 'every 2.5 minutes during graded exercise test', 'description': 'During the graded exercise test, the perception of effort will be asked at beginning and every 2.5-min using Borg 6 to 20 scale, until the participant comes to voluntary exhaustion.', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '26'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '27'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '22'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '24'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '4'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '3'}]}], 'dropWithdraws': [{'type': 'Lost to Follow-up', 'reasons': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '3'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '3'}]}, {'type': 'Did not receive intervention', 'reasons': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '1'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '0'}]}]}], 'preAssignmentDetails': 'No participants were excluded from the study before assignment to groups.'}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Mindfulness Training Group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.\n\nMindfulness intervention: The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Waitlist Control Group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Continuous', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '20.08', 'spread': '1.35', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '20.22', 'spread': '1.50', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '20.15', 'spread': '1.42', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '19', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '22', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '41', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Race and Ethnicity Not Collected', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'populationDescription': 'Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.'}, {'title': 'Sport', 'classes': [{'title': 'Track & field', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '14', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Judo', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '12', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Wrestling', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '5', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '6', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '11', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Wushu', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '9', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '7', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '16', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants'}, {'title': 'Height', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '167.5', 'spread': '6.96', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '168.72', 'spread': '6.62', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '168.12', 'spread': '6.75', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'centimeter (cm)', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Weight', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '71.55', 'spread': '26.88', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '66.88', 'spread': '10.01', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '69.17', 'spread': '20.07', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'kilograms (kg)', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Education level', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '14.35', 'spread': '1.32', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '14.44', 'spread': '1.40', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '14.40', 'spread': '1.35', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Training experience', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '8.00', 'spread': '2.06', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '8.18', 'spread': '2.65', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '8.10', 'spread': '2.39', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'unitOfMeasure': 'years', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}, {'title': 'Working memory', 'classes': [{'title': 'Forward digit span', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '14.35', 'spread': '2.02', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '14.22', 'spread': '1.55', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '14.28', 'spread': '1.78', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}, {'title': 'Backward digit span', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '26', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '27', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '53', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '9.27', 'spread': '2.75', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '10.22', 'spread': '2.45', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '9.75', 'spread': '2.62', 'groupId': 'BG002'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'MEAN', 'description': 'The Digit-Span Test was used to assess working memory at baseline and to compare cognitive function between groups. The Digit-Span Test included both forward and backward digit spans. The scale for the forward digit span ranges from 0 to 16, while the scale for the backward digit span ranges from 0 to 14. A higher score indicates better verbal working memory.', 'unitOfMeasure': 'units on a scale', 'dispersionType': 'STANDARD_DEVIATION'}]}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2023-12-19', 'size': 140257, 'label': 'Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP', 'uploadDate': '2024-08-30T04:02', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['NA'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'NONE'}, 'primaryPurpose': 'TREATMENT', 'interventionModel': 'PARALLEL'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 53}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2022-02-17', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2024-12', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2023-01-10', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2024-12-26', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2022-07-06', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2023-12-20', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2022-07-06', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2025-01-30', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2024-12-26', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2022-07-11', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2025-01-30', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2023-01-10', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Inhibitory Control: Reaction Time', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \\> \\> \\> \\> \\>) and incongruent (i.e., \\< \\< \\> \\< \\<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.'}, {'measure': 'Inhibitory Control: Accuracy', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Followed by the manipulation conditions, inhibitory control will be evaluated by a Flanker task (i.e., either mental fatigue condition or control condition). In the Flanker task, participants will be presented with five arrows and will be instructed to respond as quickly and accurately as possible to the direction where the middle arrow is pointing (i.e., left or right). Types of trials are the congruent (i.e., \\> \\> \\> \\> \\>) and incongruent (i.e., \\< \\< \\> \\< \\<). The reaction time (RT) and accuracy (ACC) of the incongruent trials were calculated as inhibitory control performance, and the difference between conditions was further calculated to represent a mental fatigue-related impairment of inhibitory control in pre-test and post-test.'}, {'measure': 'ERP: N2', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \\& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.'}, {'measure': 'ERP: P3', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'The neuroelectrical activities (i.e., N2, P3) during the Flanker task were recorded and analyzed using the Neuroscan system. The difference in neuroelectrical activities between conditions (i.e., mental fatigue condition \\& control condition) were calculated as mental fatigue-related impairment in neuroelectrical markers of inhibitory control.'}, {'measure': 'Endurance Performance: Time to Exhaustion', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': "The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The time to exhaustion (TTE) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in TTE between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test."}, {'measure': 'Endurance Performance: VO2max', 'timeFrame': 'After 30-minute mental fatigue and control conditions at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': "The graded exercise test (GXT) on treadmill was used to assess participant's endurance performance. Bruce protocol will be adopted in the test. The initial speed and grade of the GXT will be set at 2.74 km/hr with a grade of 10% and increase speed and grade every 3 min until participants are voluntarily exhausted. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was recorded as the endurance performance. The difference in VO2max between conditions was further calculated (i.e., control condition minus mental fatigue condition) for both the pre-test and post-test."}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Subjective Mental Fatigue', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task and after Flanker task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Both in the baseline and post-intervention, the visual analog scale for mental fatigue (VAS-MF) was used to assess changes in subjective mental fatigue before and after experimental manipulation. The scale ranges from 0 (not at all mentally fatigued) to 100 (extremely mentally fatigued).'}, {'measure': 'Objective Mental Fatigue', 'timeFrame': 'Post 30-minute mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Both at baseline and post-intervention, participants completed either a 30-min 100% incongruent version Stroop task (i.e., mental fatigue condition) or a 30-min 100% congruent version Stroop task (i.e., control condition). In the Stroop task, accuracy (ACC) was calculated as an index of objective mental fatigue. It is expressed as a percentage, determined by dividing the number of correct responses by the total number of responses.'}, {'measure': 'Dispositional Mindfulness', 'timeFrame': 'Baseline (pre-test) and 8 weeks (post-test)', 'description': 'The change in dispositional mindfulness was assessed using the 16-item (5-Likert scale) athlete mindfulness questionnaire (AMQ). The mean score range is between 1-5. Higher mean scores indicate a higher level of dispositional mindfulness.'}, {'measure': 'Mood State: Anger', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher anger mood.'}, {'measure': 'Mood State: Confusion', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher confusion mood.'}, {'measure': 'Mood State: Depression', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher depression mood.'}, {'measure': 'Mood State: Fatigue', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher fatigue mood.'}, {'measure': 'Mood State: Tension', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher tension mood.'}, {'measure': 'Mood State: Vigour', 'timeFrame': 'Before, after 30-minute Stroop task in the mental fatigue and control condition at pre-test and post-test (8 weeks)', 'description': 'Mood state change was determined by the difference in scores on the Brunel Mood Scale-Chinese (BRUMS-C) between before and after manipulation. The BRUMS-C contains 23 item (5-Likert scale) and is divided into six sub-scales: anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. The mean score range is between 0-4. Higher mean scores indicate a higher vigor mood.'}, {'measure': 'Perception of Effort', 'timeFrame': 'every 2.5 minutes during graded exercise test', 'description': 'During the graded exercise test, the perception of effort will be asked at beginning and every 2.5-min using Borg 6 to 20 scale, until the participant comes to voluntary exhaustion.'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'keywords': ['Mindfulness Training', 'Mental Fatigue', 'Inhibitory Control', 'Endurance Performance', 'ERP'], 'conditions': ['Mindfulness Training', 'Neurocognitive Function', 'Sports Performance', 'Mental Fatigue']}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'Mental fatigue has been suggested that would impair neurocognitive functions and sports performance. On the other hand, mindfulness training (MT) seems to as a promising approach to attenuate mental fatigue and counteract its detrimental effect on cognitive functions and sports performance. The purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of MT on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control, and endurance performance in mentally fatigued athletes.', 'detailedDescription': 'Accumulating research indicates that mental fatigue induced by prolonged cognitive tasks would impair neurocognitive functions and sports performance. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate that inhibitory control and endurance performance are significantly susceptible to detrimental effects of mental fatigue. On the other hand, mindfulness training (MT) has been widely been used to enhance cognitive functions and sports performance in neurocognitive and sports research, which has been considered a promising approach for attenuating mental fatigue and counteracting the detrimental effect of mental fatigue. However, the effect of MT on inhibitory control, endurance performance, and underlying mechanisms in mentally fatigued athletes remain unclear.\n\nTherefore, the purpose of the present study is to examine the effect of MT on behavioral and neuroelectric indices of inhibitory control, and endurance performance in mentally fatigued athletes.\n\nSpecifically, the targeted primary outcomes are neurocognitive functions (i.e., reaction time, accuracy and ERPs in Flanker task) and endurance performance (i.e., VO2max \\& time to exhaustion); The secondary outcomes are changes in dispositional mindfulness, subjective (i.e., scores in visual analog scale)/objective (i.e., reaction time, accuracy in Stroop task) mental fatigue, motivation in tasks, and changes in mood state (i.e., BRUMS-C).'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['ADULT'], 'maximumAge': '25 Years', 'minimumAge': '18 Years', 'healthyVolunteers': True, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Regular sports training at least 4 hours weekly\n2. Normal or corrected-to-normal vision\n3. Right-handed\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n1. Physical limitation or injury in lower limbs before and during the study\n2. Diagnosed or self-reported neurological disorders (e.g., epilepsy)\n3. Diagnosed or self-reported major psychiatric illness (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia)\n4. Major previous experience with mindfulness training'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT05452460', 'briefTitle': 'Mindfulness Training, Mental Fatigue, Endurance Performance and Neurocognitive Functions', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'National Taiwan Normal University'}, 'officialTitle': 'Effect of Mindfulness Training on Mental Fatigue-Related Impairments of Endurance Performance and Inhibitory Control in Athletes: An Event-Related Potential Study', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': 'PACNL_JT_MF_Intervention'}}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Mindfulness training group', 'description': 'Participants in the mindfulness training (MT) group will engage in a 60-min session of mindfulness program per week for 8 weeks.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Mindfulness intervention']}, {'type': 'NO_INTERVENTION', 'label': 'Waitlist control group', 'description': 'Participants in the waitlist control group will be required to maintain regular life and routine training. Once the participants in control group finished the whole experiment, they will be invited to participate in the MBPP program for eight weeks.'}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Mindfulness intervention', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'The mindfulness program called "Mindfulness-based peak performance (MBPP)" will be used in this study. MBPP is a program that consists of eight 60-min training, and a 60-min session weekly for 8-weeks. The MBPP program will include (1) 5 minutes of will start with a brief recap of the preceding session and homework discussion, (2) after which the 5 minutes of a brief story about performance aimed at inducing the learning motivation of the participants; (3) Followed by 20 minutes of a theoretical lecture introducing a new topic and then (4) 25 minutes of mindfulness exercise. (5) Finally, how to apply the mindfulness skills to sports context will be discussed at the end of each session for 5 minutes.', 'armGroupLabels': ['Mindfulness training group']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '106', 'city': 'Taipei', 'country': 'Taiwan', 'facility': 'Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 25.05306, 'lon': 121.52639}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Yu-Kai Chang, PhD', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': 'National Taiwan Normal University'}]}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'National Taiwan Normal University', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'investigatorTitle': 'Professor', 'investigatorFullName': 'Yu-Kai Chang', 'investigatorAffiliation': 'National Taiwan Normal University'}}}}