Ignite Creation Date:
2025-12-25 @ 1:43 AM
Ignite Modification Date:
2025-12-26 @ 1:03 AM
Study NCT ID:
NCT04728594
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2021-07-26
First Post:
2021-01-26
Is NOT Gene Therapy:
True
Has Adverse Events:
True
Brief Title:
Emails Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers
Sponsor:
Organization:
Raw JSON
{'hasResults': True, 'derivedSection': {'miscInfoModule': {'versionHolder': '2025-12-24'}, 'conditionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D000072758', 'term': 'Vaccination Refusal'}, {'id': 'D003142', 'term': 'Communication'}, {'id': 'D001519', 'term': 'Behavior'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D016312', 'term': 'Treatment Refusal'}, {'id': 'D000074822', 'term': 'Treatment Adherence and Compliance'}, {'id': 'D015438', 'term': 'Health Behavior'}]}, 'interventionBrowseModule': {'meshes': [{'id': 'D000088686', 'term': 'Cognitive Restructuring'}], 'ancestors': [{'id': 'D015928', 'term': 'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy'}, {'id': 'D001521', 'term': 'Behavior Therapy'}, {'id': 'D011613', 'term': 'Psychotherapy'}, {'id': 'D004191', 'term': 'Behavioral Disciplines and Activities'}]}}, 'resultsSection': {'moreInfoModule': {'pointOfContact': {'email': 'agoren@geisinger.edu', 'phone': '5702144395', 'title': 'Amir Goren, PhD', 'organization': 'Geisinger Clinic'}, 'certainAgreement': {'piSponsorEmployee': True}, 'limitationsAndCaveats': {'description': "In the original ClinicalTrials record, the researchers preregistered that the study would examine primary and secondary outcomes after two days. This was extended to about three days, which was the time when the delayed control group was emailed. This altered timing was dictated by when the organization's marketing department was ready to send emails to the delayed control group."}}, 'adverseEventsModule': {'timeFrame': 'No adverse events were evaluated.', 'description': 'We only had access to email engagement data and registration data, which was kept separate from clinical data.', 'eventGroups': [{'id': 'EG000', 'title': 'Delayed Contact', 'description': 'This group will not receive an email for at least two days.', 'otherNumAtRisk': 0, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 0, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 0, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG001', 'title': 'Social Proof', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.\n\nSocial Proof: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email', 'otherNumAtRisk': 0, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 0, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 0, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}, {'id': 'EG002', 'title': 'Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.\n\nReframing: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email', 'otherNumAtRisk': 0, 'deathsNumAtRisk': 0, 'otherNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAtRisk': 0, 'deathsNumAffected': 0, 'seriousNumAffected': 0}], 'frequencyThreshold': '0'}, 'outcomeMeasuresModule': {'outcomeMeasures': [{'type': 'PRIMARY', 'title': 'Number of Employees Who Scheduled Vaccination Appointments After 3 Days', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '3178', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3198', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '3190', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Delayed Contact', 'description': 'This group will not receive an email for at least two days.'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Social Proof', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.\n\nSocial Proof: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}, {'id': 'OG002', 'title': 'Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.\n\nReframing: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '101', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '207', 'groupId': 'OG001'}, {'value': '220', 'groupId': 'OG002'}]}]}], 'analyses': [{'pValue': '<.001', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG001'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '2.11', 'ciLowerLimit': '1.65', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.69', 'pValueComment': 'We used an a priori threshold of p \\< .05.', 'groupDescription': 'We conducted a logistic regression with the two experimental conditions as dummy variables with delayed contact as the reference group.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '<.001', 'groupIds': ['OG000', 'OG002'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '2.26', 'ciLowerLimit': '1.77', 'ciUpperLimit': '2.87', 'pValueComment': 'We used an a priori threshold of p \\< .05.', 'groupDescription': 'We conducted a logistic regression with the two experimental conditions as dummy variables with delayed contact as the reference group.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}, {'pValue': '<.001', 'groupIds': ['OG001', 'OG002'], 'paramType': 'Odds Ratio (OR)', 'ciNumSides': 'TWO_SIDED', 'ciPctValue': '95', 'paramValue': '1.07', 'ciLowerLimit': '0.88', 'ciUpperLimit': '1.30', 'pValueComment': 'We used an a priori threshold of p \\< .05.', 'groupDescription': 'We conducted a logistic regression with the two experimental conditions as dummy variables with delayed contact as the reference group.', 'statisticalMethod': 'Regression, Logistic', 'nonInferiorityType': 'SUPERIORITY'}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': '3 days', 'description': 'Binary variable of a scheduled vaccination appointment 3 days after the emails were sent', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Number of Employees Who Opened Emails After 3 Days', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '3198', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3190', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Social Proof', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.\n\nSocial Proof: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.\n\nReframing: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '1481', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '1398', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': '3 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee opened the email 3 days after the emails were sent', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'SECONDARY', 'title': 'Number of Employees Who Clicked Scheduling Links After 3 Days', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '3198', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '3190', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'OG000', 'title': 'Social Proof', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.\n\nSocial Proof: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}, {'id': 'OG001', 'title': 'Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.\n\nReframing: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}], 'classes': [{'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '562', 'groupId': 'OG000'}, {'value': '382', 'groupId': 'OG001'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'timeFrame': '3 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee clicked the link to schedule a vaccination appointment 3 days after the emails were sent', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'reportingStatus': 'POSTED'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Number of Employees Who Scheduled Vaccination Appointments Until Policy Change (4 Days)', 'timeFrame': '4 days', 'description': 'Binary variable of a scheduled vaccination appointment up to the end of January 19, when new distribution policies were enacted.', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Number of Employees Who Opened Emails Until Policy Change (4 Days)', 'timeFrame': '4 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee opened the email up to the end of January 19, when new distribution policies were enacted.', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}, {'type': 'OTHER_PRE_SPECIFIED', 'title': 'Number of Employees Who Clicked the Scheduling Link Until Policy Change (4 Days)', 'timeFrame': '4 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee clicked the link to schedule a vaccination appointment up to the end of January 19, when new distribution policies were enacted.', 'reportingStatus': 'NOT_POSTED', 'denomUnitsSelected': 'Participants'}]}, 'participantFlowModule': {'groups': [{'id': 'FG000', 'title': 'Delayed Contact', 'description': 'This group will not receive an email for at least two days.'}, {'id': 'FG001', 'title': 'Social Proof', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.\n\nSocial Proof: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}, {'id': 'FG002', 'title': 'Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.\n\nReframing: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}], 'periods': [{'title': 'Overall Study', 'milestones': [{'type': 'STARTED', 'comment': 'Participants who were sent an email.', 'achievements': [{'comment': 'The number of participants who were sent a follow up email (delayed, three days after the other two arms) was used to see how many started.', 'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '3178'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '3198'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '3190'}]}, {'type': 'COMPLETED', 'comment': 'Participants who were sent an email were also considered as those who completed the study, as inaction is a possible response to the intervention', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '3178'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '3198'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '3190'}]}, {'type': 'NOT COMPLETED', 'achievements': [{'groupId': 'FG000', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG001', 'numSubjects': '0'}, {'groupId': 'FG002', 'numSubjects': '0'}]}]}]}, 'baselineCharacteristicsModule': {'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '3178', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3198', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3190', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '9566', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}], 'groups': [{'id': 'BG000', 'title': 'Delayed Contact', 'description': 'This group will not receive an email for at least two days.'}, {'id': 'BG001', 'title': 'Social Proof', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.\n\nSocial Proof: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}, {'id': 'BG002', 'title': 'Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.\n\nReframing: Email\n\nScarcity Message: Email'}, {'id': 'BG003', 'title': 'Total', 'description': 'Total of all reporting groups'}], 'measures': [{'title': 'Age, Categorical', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}], 'categories': [{'title': '<=18 years', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Between 18 and 65 years', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': '>=65 years', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'populationDescription': 'Data was not collected.'}, {'title': 'Sex: Female, Male', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}], 'categories': [{'title': 'Female', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}, {'title': 'Male', 'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'populationDescription': 'Data was not collected.'}, {'title': 'Race and Ethnicity Not Collected', 'classes': [{'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '0', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS', 'unitOfMeasure': 'Participants', 'populationDescription': 'Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant.'}, {'title': 'Region of Enrollment', 'classes': [{'title': 'United States', 'denoms': [{'units': 'Participants', 'counts': [{'value': '3178', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3198', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3190', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '9566', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}], 'categories': [{'measurements': [{'value': '3178', 'groupId': 'BG000'}, {'value': '3198', 'groupId': 'BG001'}, {'value': '3190', 'groupId': 'BG002'}, {'value': '9566', 'groupId': 'BG003'}]}]}], 'paramType': 'NUMBER', 'unitOfMeasure': 'participants'}], 'populationDescription': 'The baseline outcome measure was not applicable, since registration for vaccination was the outcome, and all participants were selected for not being registered.'}}, 'documentSection': {'largeDocumentModule': {'largeDocs': [{'date': '2021-07-13', 'size': 134329, 'label': 'Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan', 'hasIcf': False, 'hasSap': True, 'filename': 'Prot_SAP_000.pdf', 'typeAbbrev': 'Prot_SAP', 'uploadDate': '2021-07-13T18:05', 'hasProtocol': True}]}}, 'protocolSection': {'designModule': {'phases': ['NA'], 'studyType': 'INTERVENTIONAL', 'designInfo': {'allocation': 'RANDOMIZED', 'maskingInfo': {'masking': 'DOUBLE', 'whoMasked': ['PARTICIPANT', 'CARE_PROVIDER'], 'maskingDescription': 'Participants will not know what group they are in. The relevant care provider (either their primary care provider or provider administering the vaccine) will not know about this study or assignment into groups.'}, 'primaryPurpose': 'PREVENTION', 'interventionModel': 'PARALLEL', 'interventionModelDescription': '1 x 3 design'}, 'enrollmentInfo': {'type': 'ACTUAL', 'count': 9566}}, 'statusModule': {'overallStatus': 'COMPLETED', 'startDateStruct': {'date': '2021-01-15', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'expandedAccessInfo': {'hasExpandedAccess': False}, 'statusVerifiedDate': '2021-07', 'completionDateStruct': {'date': '2021-01-20', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'lastUpdateSubmitDate': '2021-07-22', 'studyFirstSubmitDate': '2021-01-26', 'resultsFirstSubmitDate': '2021-07-16', 'studyFirstSubmitQcDate': '2021-01-26', 'lastUpdatePostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-07-26', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstSubmitQcDate': '2021-07-22', 'studyFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-01-28', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'resultsFirstPostDateStruct': {'date': '2021-07-26', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}, 'primaryCompletionDateStruct': {'date': '2021-01-17', 'type': 'ACTUAL'}}, 'outcomesModule': {'otherOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Number of Employees Who Scheduled Vaccination Appointments Until Policy Change (4 Days)', 'timeFrame': '4 days', 'description': 'Binary variable of a scheduled vaccination appointment up to the end of January 19, when new distribution policies were enacted.'}, {'measure': 'Number of Employees Who Opened Emails Until Policy Change (4 Days)', 'timeFrame': '4 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee opened the email up to the end of January 19, when new distribution policies were enacted.'}, {'measure': 'Number of Employees Who Clicked the Scheduling Link Until Policy Change (4 Days)', 'timeFrame': '4 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee clicked the link to schedule a vaccination appointment up to the end of January 19, when new distribution policies were enacted.'}], 'primaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Number of Employees Who Scheduled Vaccination Appointments After 3 Days', 'timeFrame': '3 days', 'description': 'Binary variable of a scheduled vaccination appointment 3 days after the emails were sent'}], 'secondaryOutcomes': [{'measure': 'Number of Employees Who Opened Emails After 3 Days', 'timeFrame': '3 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee opened the email 3 days after the emails were sent'}, {'measure': 'Number of Employees Who Clicked Scheduling Links After 3 Days', 'timeFrame': '3 days', 'description': 'Binary variable indicating whether the employee clicked the link to schedule a vaccination appointment 3 days after the emails were sent'}]}, 'oversightModule': {'oversightHasDmc': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDrug': False, 'isFdaRegulatedDevice': False}, 'conditionsModule': {'keywords': ['Immunization', 'Persuasive Communication', 'Electronic Mail', 'Economics, Behavioral', 'Psychology'], 'conditions': ['Vaccination Refusal', 'Communication']}, 'referencesModule': {'references': [{'pmid': '34319359', 'type': 'DERIVED', 'citation': 'Santos HC, Goren A, Chabris CF, Meyer MN. Effect of Targeted Behavioral Science Messages on COVID-19 Vaccination Registration Among Employees of a Large Health System: A Randomized Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul 1;4(7):e2118702. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.18702.'}]}, 'descriptionModule': {'briefSummary': 'In this evaluation, two versions of emails will be sent to Geisinger employees who have not been vaccinated against COVID-19. A delayed-contact control group will be emailed after a delay of at least two days. The researchers hypothesize that either of the emails - which use content informed by behavioral nudge theory - will lead to more COVID-19 vaccinations than the delayed-contact control group.', 'detailedDescription': 'The researchers aim to evaluate the effectiveness of email reminders in promoting COVID-19 vaccinations among Geisinger employees. The project will compare two emails, which will vary in the subject line and email content. Both emails will test different approaches that draw from principles in behavioral science: social proof, reframing, and scarcity. Employees receiving these emails will be compared with employees in a delayed-contact group, who will not receive emails. Employees in the control group will later receive one of the emails.The responses to the emails will help determine the communications later sent to the control group.\n\nAll emails will ask recipients if they want to receive a COVID-19 vaccination. If they click on a hyperlink indicating yes, they will be forwarded to an online registration and scheduling homepage. If they click on a hyperlink indicating no, they will be forwarded to an online questionnaire surveying people about their main reason for declining the vaccine at this time. The questionnaire will automatically present information intended to assuage the specific concern that people endorse, followed by a hyperlink to the scheduling site.\n\nThe data will be analyzed with logistic regression models with the control group as the reference group, to compare the two email conditions versus the control group. This set of analyses will only be conducted for scheduling a vaccination appointment as opposed to email engagement outcomes (e.g., number of emails opened), which will not be applicable for the control group. A second set of logistic regression models predicting scheduling a vaccination appointment and email engagement will also be run, comparing the two email conditions against each other. The data will be examined two days later (to help decide which email to send to the delayed-control group) and four days later (when the policy for employee vaccination will change, making the content of the email irrelevant).\n\nUpdate: The researchers looked at 3 days of data - as the emails to the delayed contact group were only sent at that time - and 4 days of data when the policy for employee vaccinations changed.'}, 'eligibilityModule': {'sex': 'ALL', 'stdAges': ['CHILD', 'ADULT', 'OLDER_ADULT'], 'healthyVolunteers': True, 'eligibilityCriteria': 'Inclusion Criteria:\n\n* Employees at Geisinger Health System who have not gotten a COVID-19 vaccination\n\nExclusion Criteria:\n\n* None'}, 'identificationModule': {'nctId': 'NCT04728594', 'briefTitle': 'Emails Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers', 'organization': {'class': 'OTHER', 'fullName': 'Geisinger Clinic'}, 'officialTitle': 'Evaluation of an Email Intervention Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination Among Healthcare Workers', 'orgStudyIdInfo': {'id': '2021-0128'}}, 'armsInterventionsModule': {'armGroups': [{'type': 'NO_INTERVENTION', 'label': 'Delayed Contact', 'description': 'This group will not receive an email for at least two days.'}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Social Proof', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also emphasizes how many fellow health care workers have been vaccinated. Seeing the behaviors of other people might encourage recipients to copy that behavior.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Social Proof', 'Behavioral: Scarcity Message']}, {'type': 'EXPERIMENTAL', 'label': 'Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'description': 'This group will receive an email that points out that vaccine availability for employees will soon be limited. It also addresses concerns about the side effects and adverse reactions of the vaccine. Due to potentially overblown concerns about the vaccine caused by the salience of side effects in the (social) media, the email attempts to reframe the risks by explicitly noting the small possibility of being affected by serious side effects and by contrasting that to the more severe effects of COVID-19. As a result of this reframing, recipients might recalibrate their perception of risks and benefits and opt for vaccination.', 'interventionNames': ['Behavioral: Reframing', 'Behavioral: Scarcity Message']}], 'interventions': [{'name': 'Social Proof', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Email', 'armGroupLabels': ['Social Proof']}, {'name': 'Reframing', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Email', 'armGroupLabels': ['Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions']}, {'name': 'Scarcity Message', 'type': 'BEHAVIORAL', 'description': 'Email', 'armGroupLabels': ['Reframing Side Effects and Adverse Reactions', 'Social Proof']}]}, 'contactsLocationsModule': {'locations': [{'zip': '17822', 'city': 'Danville', 'state': 'Pennsylvania', 'country': 'United States', 'facility': 'Geisinger', 'geoPoint': {'lat': 40.96342, 'lon': -76.61273}}], 'overallOfficials': [{'name': 'Michelle M Meyer, PhD', 'role': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'affiliation': 'Geisinger Clinic'}]}, 'ipdSharingStatementModule': {'url': 'http://osf.io', 'infoTypes': ['STUDY_PROTOCOL', 'ANALYTIC_CODE'], 'timeFrame': 'The data will become available after publication of study results in a scientific journal and will be available as long as the Open Science Framework hosts the data.', 'ipdSharing': 'YES', 'description': 'Data with no personally identifiable information will be made available to other researchers on the Open Science Framework for transparency. This will include the essential data and code needed to replicate the analysis that yielded reported findings.', 'accessCriteria': 'The data on the Open Science Framework will be open to anyone requesting that information.'}, 'sponsorCollaboratorsModule': {'leadSponsor': {'name': 'Geisinger Clinic', 'class': 'OTHER'}, 'responsibleParty': {'type': 'PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR', 'investigatorTitle': 'Faculty Co-Director, Behavioral Insights Team', 'investigatorFullName': 'Michelle N. Meyer', 'investigatorAffiliation': 'Geisinger Clinic'}}}}