Ignite Creation Date:
2024-10-26 @ 3:40 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 3:40 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT06594614
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
None
First Post:
2024-09-10
Brief Title:
Observational Study on Characteristics and Survival Correlates of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy PML in Italy
Sponsor:
None
Organization:
None
Study Overview
Official Title:
Observational Retrospective Study Describing Demographic Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics and Survival Correlates of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy PML in Italy 1987-2024
Status:
COMPLETED
Status Verified Date:
2024-09
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
No
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
MI_PML
Brief Summary:
The goal of this observational study is to learn about the features of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy PML at the time of its diagnosis and the factors that may influence the outcome of persons with this disease
PML is a rare and rapidly progressive disease of the brain caused by a virus named JC polyomavirus JCV This disease almost always occurs in persons with an immune dysfunction In some people the underlying immune dysfunction may be the consequence of other conditions such as certain hematological tumors for instance some lymphomas or the infection with the Human Immune Deficiency Virus HIV In other cases it may be associated with other forms of immune deficiency either present at birth or acquired later in life or with immunosuppressive or immunomodulant treatments such as Natalizumab in persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Unfortunately there is no cure for PML and the only possibility to stop the progression of the disease is to eliminate the cause of the underlying immune dysfunction This is not always possible or it may take time and therefore more than half of the persons who developed PML will not survive to the disease
This study takes advantage of the systematic collection over a time frame of 37 years of the characteristics of 456 cases of PML The main question of this study aims to answer whether and how PML characteristics and outcome have evolved over time and also according to the disease or condition that caused the immune dysfunction leading to PML
This is important because PML is a rare disease and therefore knowing the context in which it develops can be useful for healthcare providers and families to consider PML as a possible cause of unexpected neurological problems In fact an early recognition of PML is associated with a better outcome On the other hand there are clinical and laboratory features of PML that can also be associated with different disease outcome Therefore it is important that these features are identified to provide important information for disease management and also for the design of experimental therapeutic interventions
Participants of this study are persons with a diagnosis of PML who were followed at the Infectious Diseases Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan or referred to the Unit from other Italian clinical centers between January 1st 1987 and April 30th 2024 We have retrospectively reviewed their clinical charts and collected demographic characteristics together with the clinical radiological and laboratory features of PML at the time of its diagnosis In addition we have also reviewed the evolution of the disease one-year after the date of diagnosis
The data from the participants have been collected in a custom-made database which is kept updated with follow-up data and inclusion of new participants As by April 30th 2024 456 participants have been included in the database This is one of the largest existing cohorts and the one with the longest observational window In addition and differently from previous cohort studies it analyzes in detail clinical radiological and virological characteristics of PML providing additional information on their changes over time and possible predictors of disease outcome
PML is a rare and rapidly progressive disease of the brain caused by a virus named JC polyomavirus JCV This disease almost always occurs in persons with an immune dysfunction In some people the underlying immune dysfunction may be the consequence of other conditions such as certain hematological tumors for instance some lymphomas or the infection with the Human Immune Deficiency Virus HIV In other cases it may be associated with other forms of immune deficiency either present at birth or acquired later in life or with immunosuppressive or immunomodulant treatments such as Natalizumab in persons with Multiple Sclerosis
Unfortunately there is no cure for PML and the only possibility to stop the progression of the disease is to eliminate the cause of the underlying immune dysfunction This is not always possible or it may take time and therefore more than half of the persons who developed PML will not survive to the disease
This study takes advantage of the systematic collection over a time frame of 37 years of the characteristics of 456 cases of PML The main question of this study aims to answer whether and how PML characteristics and outcome have evolved over time and also according to the disease or condition that caused the immune dysfunction leading to PML
This is important because PML is a rare disease and therefore knowing the context in which it develops can be useful for healthcare providers and families to consider PML as a possible cause of unexpected neurological problems In fact an early recognition of PML is associated with a better outcome On the other hand there are clinical and laboratory features of PML that can also be associated with different disease outcome Therefore it is important that these features are identified to provide important information for disease management and also for the design of experimental therapeutic interventions
Participants of this study are persons with a diagnosis of PML who were followed at the Infectious Diseases Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan or referred to the Unit from other Italian clinical centers between January 1st 1987 and April 30th 2024 We have retrospectively reviewed their clinical charts and collected demographic characteristics together with the clinical radiological and laboratory features of PML at the time of its diagnosis In addition we have also reviewed the evolution of the disease one-year after the date of diagnosis
The data from the participants have been collected in a custom-made database which is kept updated with follow-up data and inclusion of new participants As by April 30th 2024 456 participants have been included in the database This is one of the largest existing cohorts and the one with the longest observational window In addition and differently from previous cohort studies it analyzes in detail clinical radiological and virological characteristics of PML providing additional information on their changes over time and possible predictors of disease outcome
Detailed Description:
This is a retrospective observational study that investigates the features and the correlates of survival of patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy PML The study is based on demographic clinical and laboratory data stored in an Institutional database
PML is a rare and rapidly progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system CNS caused by the JC polyomavirus JCV that occurs in persons with a primary or acquired immune dysfunction Common diseases or conditions associated with PML include certain hematological tumors eg some lymphomas Human Immune Deficiency Virus HIV infection other congenital or acquired forms of immune deficiency or in people receiving immunosuppressive or immunomodulant treatments such as Natalizumab in persons with Multiple Sclerosis
There is no specific effective treatment for PML and reversion of the underlying immune dysfunction is the only feasible approach to halt disease progression The overall reported mortality is higher than 50 and most of the persons who survive PML are left with severe neurological sequelae
Being PML a rare disease knowing the context and the risk factors in which it develops eg specific underlying diseases or treatments and their role in the different time periods will be key for an early diagnosis of PML which is usually associated with better outcome In addition the identification of variables associated with different disease outcomes will be important in terms of disease management and for the design of experimental therapeutic interventions
The retrospective assessment of the PML cohort describes and analyzes clinical and laboratory data from 456 PML patients observed in the period 1987-2024 This is one of the largest cohorts and the with the longest observational window ever reported reflecting an evolving epidemiological context In addition differently from previous cohort studies it analyzes in detail clinical radiological and virological variables providing additional information on the epidemiological changes and determinants of survival
The cohort includes Italian PML patients who were followed at or referred to the Infectious Diseases Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milano Italy from other Italian clinical centers between January 1st 1987 and April 30th 2024 Data have been collected in a custom-made database which is kept updated with follow-up data of cases already included and with inclusion of new cases We have collected the demographic characteristics and the clinical radiological and laboratory variables at first observation and at the time of diagnosis and at all the subsequent evaluations until death or up to three years in patients who survive
More in detail the following variables have been evaluated for the purpose of this study at the time of PML diagnosis age birth sex year of diagnosis of PML underlying PML disease neurological deficits classified as by presence of motor cognitive cerebellar visual verbal or cranial nerves problems headache seizures or others presence of contrast enhancement at brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI treatment with immunosuppressive or immunomodulant treatments or in cases with HIV infection treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy cART experimental treatments for PML JCV-DNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid CSF and plasma with distance in days from the data of diagnosis of PML CD4 T-cell count
For assessment of survival we considered either patients with a date of death or with severe progression at the last observation ie severe deterioration of body functions that would lead to death in a short time span within the first year from disease onset
MRI images were qualitatively acquired through either 15T or 3T equipments based on the use of standard protocols that evolved over time Initial protocols included at least basal axial sagittal and coronal basal spin echo T1 and proton-density DP-T2-weighted sequences with post-gadolinium T1-weighted sequences Over time Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery FLAIR and Diffusion Weighted Imaging DWI sequences were added to most of the protocols Images were initially acquired on 2D 5 mm-thick sections and during most recent periods by volumetric sequences such as 3D-FLAIR which enable standard 5mm-thick section reconstruction
Quantitative analysis of JCV-DNA in CSF and plasma was performed in the first sample available since the time of diagnosis by a real-time PCR developed in our laboratory with a lower detection limit of 100 copiesmL
Peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocytes counts were determined by flow cytometry whereas HIV-RNA was measured in plasma by commercially available assays with a detection limit of 50 copiesmL
PML is a rare and rapidly progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system CNS caused by the JC polyomavirus JCV that occurs in persons with a primary or acquired immune dysfunction Common diseases or conditions associated with PML include certain hematological tumors eg some lymphomas Human Immune Deficiency Virus HIV infection other congenital or acquired forms of immune deficiency or in people receiving immunosuppressive or immunomodulant treatments such as Natalizumab in persons with Multiple Sclerosis
There is no specific effective treatment for PML and reversion of the underlying immune dysfunction is the only feasible approach to halt disease progression The overall reported mortality is higher than 50 and most of the persons who survive PML are left with severe neurological sequelae
Being PML a rare disease knowing the context and the risk factors in which it develops eg specific underlying diseases or treatments and their role in the different time periods will be key for an early diagnosis of PML which is usually associated with better outcome In addition the identification of variables associated with different disease outcomes will be important in terms of disease management and for the design of experimental therapeutic interventions
The retrospective assessment of the PML cohort describes and analyzes clinical and laboratory data from 456 PML patients observed in the period 1987-2024 This is one of the largest cohorts and the with the longest observational window ever reported reflecting an evolving epidemiological context In addition differently from previous cohort studies it analyzes in detail clinical radiological and virological variables providing additional information on the epidemiological changes and determinants of survival
The cohort includes Italian PML patients who were followed at or referred to the Infectious Diseases Unit of San Raffaele Hospital in Milano Italy from other Italian clinical centers between January 1st 1987 and April 30th 2024 Data have been collected in a custom-made database which is kept updated with follow-up data of cases already included and with inclusion of new cases We have collected the demographic characteristics and the clinical radiological and laboratory variables at first observation and at the time of diagnosis and at all the subsequent evaluations until death or up to three years in patients who survive
More in detail the following variables have been evaluated for the purpose of this study at the time of PML diagnosis age birth sex year of diagnosis of PML underlying PML disease neurological deficits classified as by presence of motor cognitive cerebellar visual verbal or cranial nerves problems headache seizures or others presence of contrast enhancement at brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI treatment with immunosuppressive or immunomodulant treatments or in cases with HIV infection treatment with combination antiretroviral therapy cART experimental treatments for PML JCV-DNA levels in cerebrospinal fluid CSF and plasma with distance in days from the data of diagnosis of PML CD4 T-cell count
For assessment of survival we considered either patients with a date of death or with severe progression at the last observation ie severe deterioration of body functions that would lead to death in a short time span within the first year from disease onset
MRI images were qualitatively acquired through either 15T or 3T equipments based on the use of standard protocols that evolved over time Initial protocols included at least basal axial sagittal and coronal basal spin echo T1 and proton-density DP-T2-weighted sequences with post-gadolinium T1-weighted sequences Over time Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery FLAIR and Diffusion Weighted Imaging DWI sequences were added to most of the protocols Images were initially acquired on 2D 5 mm-thick sections and during most recent periods by volumetric sequences such as 3D-FLAIR which enable standard 5mm-thick section reconstruction
Quantitative analysis of JCV-DNA in CSF and plasma was performed in the first sample available since the time of diagnosis by a real-time PCR developed in our laboratory with a lower detection limit of 100 copiesmL
Peripheral blood CD4 T lymphocytes counts were determined by flow cytometry whereas HIV-RNA was measured in plasma by commercially available assays with a detection limit of 50 copiesmL
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
None
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None