Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 8:08 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 3:21 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT06264011
Status:
RECRUITING
Last Update Posted:
2024-04-26
First Post:
2023-10-30
Brief Title:
Discrimination and Religious Experiences of Adult Muslimahs in Salaat
Sponsor:
Ohio State University
Organization:
Ohio State University
Study Overview
Official Title:
Discrimination and Religious Experiences of Adult Muslimahs in Salaat
Status:
RECRUITING
Status Verified Date:
2024-04
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
DREAMS
Brief Summary:
This goal of this clinical trial is to examine the effects of the Muslim prayer salaat on physiological arousal among Muslim women This study aims to measure EEG and HRV during the salaat performance among Muslim women Using EEG as a measure of physiological relaxation HRV will be utilized as a measure of stress experienced by Muslim women whose prayer have been understudied in research on the salaat Thus the main questions it aims to answer are 1 whether salaat performed by Muslim women influences physiological relaxation similar to what is seen by men and 2 Evaluate health-related correlates of perceived discrimination among Muslim women
Participants will complete 15 questionnaires Participants will be connected to a Heart Rate Variability HRV monitor as well as a 32-electrode EEG cap After the baseline data are obtained all participants will complete both conditions salaat and counting but the order of participation in conditions will be randomly assigned The resting period will again occur between conditions and at the end of the second condition
All participants will pray the Duha prayer an optional superogatory prayer that typically occurs in the early morning to control for differences in timing and duration of prayer The Duha is completed between the dawn and noon prayers and consists of four cycles of prayer as well as Quran recitation and supplication throughout the four positions The salaat condition includes four cycles with four different positions during each cycle standing with bowing at a 90-degree angle with both hands covering the knees standing again briefly with arms at the sides prostrating with forehead hands knees and feet touching the ground followed by sitting with knees bent under the torso prostrating and sitting again The counting condition will include the same physical component as the salaat condition This will include 4 cycles of movement through the four different positions ie standing bowing at a 90-degree angle with both hands covering the knees standing again briefly with arms at the sides prostrating with forehead hands knees and feet touching the ground followed by sitting with knees bent under the torso prostrating and a final sitting position in cycles two and four see Figure 2 Apart from not including the final sitting position cycles one and three are identical to cycles two and four see Figure 2 The counting condition will include replacing Quranic recitation and subsequent supplications throughout the prayer by counting one one-thousand two one-thousand three one-thousand etc throughout the duration of time typically required to perform the full salaat During the standing position counting can last for approximately 30-60 seconds in line with the previous study by Doufesh and colleagues 2012 Thus the first three cycles of prayer will require approximately 77 seconds each while the final cycle will require around 97 seconds based on the estimates by Doufesh and colleagues 2012 for a total of approximately five and a half minutes To ensure that participant duration during the counting condition is on average equivalent to the salaat condition an audio recording will be provided with counting aloud during each position The duration of the counting in the audio recording will be an average of the duration of each position as found in Doufesh and colleagues 2012 A bell sound will be used to indicate when participants should change to the next position After performance of each condition participants will return to a comfortable seated position Participants will complete a questionnaire to rate their mental focus in the condition Blood pressure will be measured at the end of each condition While at rest assessment of blood pressure HRV and EEG will be obtained from participants for 5 minutes between each condition and at the end of the study
Participants will complete 15 questionnaires Participants will be connected to a Heart Rate Variability HRV monitor as well as a 32-electrode EEG cap After the baseline data are obtained all participants will complete both conditions salaat and counting but the order of participation in conditions will be randomly assigned The resting period will again occur between conditions and at the end of the second condition
All participants will pray the Duha prayer an optional superogatory prayer that typically occurs in the early morning to control for differences in timing and duration of prayer The Duha is completed between the dawn and noon prayers and consists of four cycles of prayer as well as Quran recitation and supplication throughout the four positions The salaat condition includes four cycles with four different positions during each cycle standing with bowing at a 90-degree angle with both hands covering the knees standing again briefly with arms at the sides prostrating with forehead hands knees and feet touching the ground followed by sitting with knees bent under the torso prostrating and sitting again The counting condition will include the same physical component as the salaat condition This will include 4 cycles of movement through the four different positions ie standing bowing at a 90-degree angle with both hands covering the knees standing again briefly with arms at the sides prostrating with forehead hands knees and feet touching the ground followed by sitting with knees bent under the torso prostrating and a final sitting position in cycles two and four see Figure 2 Apart from not including the final sitting position cycles one and three are identical to cycles two and four see Figure 2 The counting condition will include replacing Quranic recitation and subsequent supplications throughout the prayer by counting one one-thousand two one-thousand three one-thousand etc throughout the duration of time typically required to perform the full salaat During the standing position counting can last for approximately 30-60 seconds in line with the previous study by Doufesh and colleagues 2012 Thus the first three cycles of prayer will require approximately 77 seconds each while the final cycle will require around 97 seconds based on the estimates by Doufesh and colleagues 2012 for a total of approximately five and a half minutes To ensure that participant duration during the counting condition is on average equivalent to the salaat condition an audio recording will be provided with counting aloud during each position The duration of the counting in the audio recording will be an average of the duration of each position as found in Doufesh and colleagues 2012 A bell sound will be used to indicate when participants should change to the next position After performance of each condition participants will return to a comfortable seated position Participants will complete a questionnaire to rate their mental focus in the condition Blood pressure will be measured at the end of each condition While at rest assessment of blood pressure HRV and EEG will be obtained from participants for 5 minutes between each condition and at the end of the study
Detailed Description:
Over the past 30 years research has increasingly focused on the impact of religious practices on stress reduction The Islamic prayer salaat is a mind-body practice consisting of a movement component and a meditative component Although Weigand and colleagues 2004 and others Archour Roslan 2014 Archour Muhamad Syihab Mohd Mohd 2021 have demonstrated robust negative associations between the practice of the Muslim prayer form salaat and anxiety More recently Doufesh and colleagues 2012 2014 2018 have examined the effect of salaat on central nervous system CNS and cardiovascular functioning These studies have demonstrated improved physiological relaxation as reflected in increased alpha wave activity and high frequency heart rate variability HF-HRV among men To date existing studies that have focused on the relationships of salaat with anxiety and cardiovascular functioning have been mostly single group observational designs The only prior study with a control condition utilized a resting state comparison group rather than a true sham condition Gao et al 2019 Also past studies have focused almost exclusively on Muslim men Finally research has documented the harmful effects of discrimination on automatic nervous system ANS functioning on racial and ethnic minorities Nikolova Tzacheva Vodenitcharov 2011 However a paucity of research has examined the relationship of salaat and ANS functioning among Muslim women or Muslimahs reporting experiences of perceived discrimination This is particularly important as discrimination reported by Muslim women is positively associated with their visibility eg greater adherence to Islamic practices such as the traditional headscarf and wearing loose clothing in public spaces is associated with increased experience of discrimination Ali Elsayed Elahi Zia Awaad 2022 Thus this study was designed to evaluate the influence of the recitation component of salaat on ANS functioning among visible Muslim women using a sham control condition In addition this study will explore the degree to which perceived discrimination is associated with physiological markers of stress and with health behaviors among Muslim women Thus this study aims to replicate and expand upon previous research demonstrating that alpha wave activity during EEG recordings can be found during the salaat
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
False
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None