Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 5:01 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 2:20 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT05162664
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2023-11-18
First Post:
2021-09-27
Brief Title:
Presence of Signs of Central Sensitization in Episodic and Chronic Migraine
Sponsor:
University Ghent
Organization:
University Ghent
Study Overview
Official Title:
Presence of Signs of Central Sensitization in Episodic and Chronic Migraine - a Cross Sectional Study
Status:
COMPLETED
Status Verified Date:
2023-11
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
CENSENMI
Brief Summary:
Nowadays migraine is conceptualized as a continuum with at the one hand episodic migraine EM and at the other hand chronic migraine CM 1 The general aim of the study is to determine where exactly in this continuum central sensitization CS appears
Recent studies support the presence of CS in migraine patients 23 but controversial evidence exists about where in the continuum exactly CS appears Some studies determined no differences in sings of CS between EM and CM 45 whether other research indicate a clear difference between EM and CM 6-8 However a significant difference in CS parameters could be determined between a patient group EM or CM and a healthy control group 348 In addition CS appears to be present during the migraine attack 2 In this research the presence of signs of CS will be determined in between headache phases
The primary outcome measure is identification of CS by PPT QST TS CPM and CSI Secondary outcome measures are the outcome of the MIDAS HADS and EUROLIGHT
Recent studies support the presence of CS in migraine patients 23 but controversial evidence exists about where in the continuum exactly CS appears Some studies determined no differences in sings of CS between EM and CM 45 whether other research indicate a clear difference between EM and CM 6-8 However a significant difference in CS parameters could be determined between a patient group EM or CM and a healthy control group 348 In addition CS appears to be present during the migraine attack 2 In this research the presence of signs of CS will be determined in between headache phases
The primary outcome measure is identification of CS by PPT QST TS CPM and CSI Secondary outcome measures are the outcome of the MIDAS HADS and EUROLIGHT
Detailed Description:
For objectifying central sensitization both self-reported and psychophysiological measures of allodynia and hyperalgesia will be used These symptoms are considered to be signs of central sensitization especially when present at distant pain-free areas 9
Therefore 100 patients with migraine 50 EM 50 CM and 50 healthy controls will be recruited The patients should meet the following inclusion criteria 1 diagnosis of migraine headache based on the criteria of ICDH-3 and verified by a medical doctor 2 not being pregnant or have given birth in the preceding year 3 adults between the age of 18 years and 65 years Exclusion criteria are 1 any other diagnosis of headache or mixed form 2 any structural neurological syndrome 3 any neurological brain event in the past 4 surgery at the head neck or shoulder the last 3 years
As thermal testing might be followed by a mechanical hyperalgesia 10 this protocol will start with evaluating the mechanical sensitivity and afterwards the thermal sensitivity The mechanical sensitivity will be determined by measuring PPT A A standardized and reliable QST protocol B including detection and sensitivity to warmth and cold will be used 11 The temporal summation C will be used to asses endogenous pain facilitating pathways and conditioned pain modulation CPM D will be used to assess the endogenous pain inhibitory pathways In addition questionnaires E will be conducted The patients will be tested unilateral at the painful side and interictally
Pressure pain thresholds PPT will be performed firstly at the anterior tibial muscle halfway between the most superior attachment to the tibia and its tendon in the upper one third of the muscle belly 13 and secondly at the middle of the temporalis muscle 12 using a digital algometer Wagner FPX 50 with a 1 cm2 rubber tip The pressure algometer will apply a perpendicular increasing pressure 1kgs at the different test locations until the participant reports the first feeling of pain The PPT of 4 series of ascending stimulus intensities with an inter-stimulus interval ISI of 20sec between the different stimuli and an ISI of 60sec between the 2 locations will be measured The first stimulus is a familiarization stimulus Afterwards the mean of the 3 subsequent stimuli will be calculated
Thermal detection and pain thresholds The thermal tests will be performed unilateral at tibial anterior thenar and the forehead using a TSA-2 Neuro Sensory Analyzer MEDOC At first cold and heat detection thresholds will be measured The patient will be asked to indicate when they feel a change in temperature Afterwards the patient will be asked to indicate when the stimulus becomes painful to determine the cold and heat pain thresholds The thresholds of 4 series of stimuli will be measured The first stimulus is a familiarization stimulus Afterwards the mean of the 3 subsequent stimuli will be calculated for every location The subject will push a button when the thresholds are reached The baseline temperature will be 32C and the stimuli will increase with 1Cs 14 The contact area of the thermode will be 16mm x 16mm The cut-off temperature for heat is 53C and for cold 0C The ISI will be 20 seconds on one location and 1min between different locations After measuring a thermal detection threshold the temperature will go back to baseline with 1Cs and after a thermal pain threshold measurement with 5Cs
The tibial anterior muscle will be measured halfway between the most superior attachment to the tibia and its tendon in the upper one third of the muscle belly 13
The hand will be measured at the thenar eminence overlying the abductor pollicis brevis muscle 15
The forehead will be measured in the supra-orbital area within the territory of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve 14
Temporal summation 19 The temporal summation will be assessed at the thenar eminence 1920 using a ramp and hold protocol with the TSA-2 Neuro Sensory Analyzer MEDOC Heat stimuli will be applied for a duration of 15sec The stimulus temperature will increase from a baseline temperature of 35C for 9sec at a sensitivity-adjusted rate of about 15Cs until the HTP 510 of the thenar is reached Afterwards the temperature will remain steady for the next 6 seconds The maximal pain rating should be 50 10 NRS Subjects rate the pain intensity at the end of the ramp 9sec and at the end of the hold procedure 15sec using the NRS Afterwards the ramp and hold aftersensations are measured The subjects have to rate the pain intensity every 5sec for 30sec after the termination of the heat stimulus
Conditioned pain modulation The CPM effect appears to reduce when CS is present 16 CPM will be assessed by comparing heat pain thresholds and pressure pain thresholds before and after giving a conditioning stimulus at a pain free distant zone by using a second thermode of the TSA-2 17 The conditioning stimulus HPT 410 18 at the TA will be applied for 120 seconds The first test stimulus will be applied at the forehead 30 seconds after the start of the conditioning stimulus 17 The HPT will be measured twice with an ISI of 20 seconds Immediately after the end of the application of the conditioning stimulus 120 seconds the HPT at the forehead will be measured again twice with an ISI of 20 seconds Afterwards there will be 10 minutes of rest to avoid bias The conditioning stimulus will be applied for 120 seconds another time The second test stimulus PPT will be applied twice at the forehead 30 seconds after the start of the conditioning stimulus with an ISI of 20 seconds and twice immediately after the end of the conditioning stimulus 120 seconds with an ISI of 20 seconds The HPT and PPT of the test stimulus is calculated as the mean of 2 consecutive trials for the parallel and sequential protocol separate
The effect of CPM will be calculated as TSpostCS - TSpreCS whereby a negative value corresponds with an inhibition and a positive value with a facilitation 18
Test stimulus HPT forehead and PPT forehead Conditioning stimulus HPT 410 TA
Questionnaires Demographic questionnaire A questionnaire including questions concerning age sex history socio-economic factors and headache specific factors will be conducted Within the headache specific factors attention will be paid to the headache phase the patient is in and whether or not the headache is associated with an aura
Clinical symptoms questionnaire A questionnaire including questions concerning clinical symptoms that indicate the presence of central sensitization 2122
Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire The MIDAS is a self-reported questionnaire about the impact of migraine headache on the daily functioning 23
Central Sensitization Inventory The CSI is a self-reported questionnaire that assesses symptoms indicative of central sensitization The CSI has proven psychometric strength 2425
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale The HADS will give an overview of present symptoms of anxiety and depression without involving the physical complaints by focusing on feelings the last period This questionnaire has proven to be a reliable and valid assessment tool 2627
EUROLIGHT questionnaire The EUROLIGHT questionnaire is a self-reported questionnaire to assess the burden of primary headache disorders on those affected by them including headache characteristics associated disability co-morbidities disease management and quality of life The questionnaire has proven psychometric strength 28
Procedure Each subject participated during the interictal phase in 1 experimental session of 1h30 A baseline questionnaire was send 3 days before the testing If a migraine attack occurred within 3 days before or after the testing day the researcher was contacted and another testing moment was scheduled The clinical symptoms questionnaire was administered at the day of the testing by the researcher Afterwards the subject was side lying position The PPT at TA was measured by placing the algometer perpendicular at the TA For the PPT forehead the patient was placed in supine position The thermal detection and pain thresholds temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation were measearud in supine position The patient could not see the screen of the computer The researcher was blinded for the PPT measurement as this could bias the results
Therefore 100 patients with migraine 50 EM 50 CM and 50 healthy controls will be recruited The patients should meet the following inclusion criteria 1 diagnosis of migraine headache based on the criteria of ICDH-3 and verified by a medical doctor 2 not being pregnant or have given birth in the preceding year 3 adults between the age of 18 years and 65 years Exclusion criteria are 1 any other diagnosis of headache or mixed form 2 any structural neurological syndrome 3 any neurological brain event in the past 4 surgery at the head neck or shoulder the last 3 years
As thermal testing might be followed by a mechanical hyperalgesia 10 this protocol will start with evaluating the mechanical sensitivity and afterwards the thermal sensitivity The mechanical sensitivity will be determined by measuring PPT A A standardized and reliable QST protocol B including detection and sensitivity to warmth and cold will be used 11 The temporal summation C will be used to asses endogenous pain facilitating pathways and conditioned pain modulation CPM D will be used to assess the endogenous pain inhibitory pathways In addition questionnaires E will be conducted The patients will be tested unilateral at the painful side and interictally
Pressure pain thresholds PPT will be performed firstly at the anterior tibial muscle halfway between the most superior attachment to the tibia and its tendon in the upper one third of the muscle belly 13 and secondly at the middle of the temporalis muscle 12 using a digital algometer Wagner FPX 50 with a 1 cm2 rubber tip The pressure algometer will apply a perpendicular increasing pressure 1kgs at the different test locations until the participant reports the first feeling of pain The PPT of 4 series of ascending stimulus intensities with an inter-stimulus interval ISI of 20sec between the different stimuli and an ISI of 60sec between the 2 locations will be measured The first stimulus is a familiarization stimulus Afterwards the mean of the 3 subsequent stimuli will be calculated
Thermal detection and pain thresholds The thermal tests will be performed unilateral at tibial anterior thenar and the forehead using a TSA-2 Neuro Sensory Analyzer MEDOC At first cold and heat detection thresholds will be measured The patient will be asked to indicate when they feel a change in temperature Afterwards the patient will be asked to indicate when the stimulus becomes painful to determine the cold and heat pain thresholds The thresholds of 4 series of stimuli will be measured The first stimulus is a familiarization stimulus Afterwards the mean of the 3 subsequent stimuli will be calculated for every location The subject will push a button when the thresholds are reached The baseline temperature will be 32C and the stimuli will increase with 1Cs 14 The contact area of the thermode will be 16mm x 16mm The cut-off temperature for heat is 53C and for cold 0C The ISI will be 20 seconds on one location and 1min between different locations After measuring a thermal detection threshold the temperature will go back to baseline with 1Cs and after a thermal pain threshold measurement with 5Cs
The tibial anterior muscle will be measured halfway between the most superior attachment to the tibia and its tendon in the upper one third of the muscle belly 13
The hand will be measured at the thenar eminence overlying the abductor pollicis brevis muscle 15
The forehead will be measured in the supra-orbital area within the territory of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve 14
Temporal summation 19 The temporal summation will be assessed at the thenar eminence 1920 using a ramp and hold protocol with the TSA-2 Neuro Sensory Analyzer MEDOC Heat stimuli will be applied for a duration of 15sec The stimulus temperature will increase from a baseline temperature of 35C for 9sec at a sensitivity-adjusted rate of about 15Cs until the HTP 510 of the thenar is reached Afterwards the temperature will remain steady for the next 6 seconds The maximal pain rating should be 50 10 NRS Subjects rate the pain intensity at the end of the ramp 9sec and at the end of the hold procedure 15sec using the NRS Afterwards the ramp and hold aftersensations are measured The subjects have to rate the pain intensity every 5sec for 30sec after the termination of the heat stimulus
Conditioned pain modulation The CPM effect appears to reduce when CS is present 16 CPM will be assessed by comparing heat pain thresholds and pressure pain thresholds before and after giving a conditioning stimulus at a pain free distant zone by using a second thermode of the TSA-2 17 The conditioning stimulus HPT 410 18 at the TA will be applied for 120 seconds The first test stimulus will be applied at the forehead 30 seconds after the start of the conditioning stimulus 17 The HPT will be measured twice with an ISI of 20 seconds Immediately after the end of the application of the conditioning stimulus 120 seconds the HPT at the forehead will be measured again twice with an ISI of 20 seconds Afterwards there will be 10 minutes of rest to avoid bias The conditioning stimulus will be applied for 120 seconds another time The second test stimulus PPT will be applied twice at the forehead 30 seconds after the start of the conditioning stimulus with an ISI of 20 seconds and twice immediately after the end of the conditioning stimulus 120 seconds with an ISI of 20 seconds The HPT and PPT of the test stimulus is calculated as the mean of 2 consecutive trials for the parallel and sequential protocol separate
The effect of CPM will be calculated as TSpostCS - TSpreCS whereby a negative value corresponds with an inhibition and a positive value with a facilitation 18
Test stimulus HPT forehead and PPT forehead Conditioning stimulus HPT 410 TA
Questionnaires Demographic questionnaire A questionnaire including questions concerning age sex history socio-economic factors and headache specific factors will be conducted Within the headache specific factors attention will be paid to the headache phase the patient is in and whether or not the headache is associated with an aura
Clinical symptoms questionnaire A questionnaire including questions concerning clinical symptoms that indicate the presence of central sensitization 2122
Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire The MIDAS is a self-reported questionnaire about the impact of migraine headache on the daily functioning 23
Central Sensitization Inventory The CSI is a self-reported questionnaire that assesses symptoms indicative of central sensitization The CSI has proven psychometric strength 2425
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale The HADS will give an overview of present symptoms of anxiety and depression without involving the physical complaints by focusing on feelings the last period This questionnaire has proven to be a reliable and valid assessment tool 2627
EUROLIGHT questionnaire The EUROLIGHT questionnaire is a self-reported questionnaire to assess the burden of primary headache disorders on those affected by them including headache characteristics associated disability co-morbidities disease management and quality of life The questionnaire has proven psychometric strength 28
Procedure Each subject participated during the interictal phase in 1 experimental session of 1h30 A baseline questionnaire was send 3 days before the testing If a migraine attack occurred within 3 days before or after the testing day the researcher was contacted and another testing moment was scheduled The clinical symptoms questionnaire was administered at the day of the testing by the researcher Afterwards the subject was side lying position The PPT at TA was measured by placing the algometer perpendicular at the TA For the PPT forehead the patient was placed in supine position The thermal detection and pain thresholds temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation were measearud in supine position The patient could not see the screen of the computer The researcher was blinded for the PPT measurement as this could bias the results
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None