Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 4:29 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 2:11 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT05003518
Status:
TERMINATED
Last Update Posted:
2024-05-01
First Post:
2021-07-28
Brief Title:
ParentText User Engagement and Effectiveness Study
Sponsor:
University of Oxford
Organization:
University of Oxford
Study Overview
Official Title:
ParentText User Engagement and Effectiveness Study
Status:
TERMINATED
Status Verified Date:
2024-04
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Insufficient participants were recruited for the optimisation trial Study procedures revised to conduct a pilot of intervention acceptability feasibility and preliminary change in psychosocial behavioural outcomes
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
The study has two main aims The first aim is to optimise user engagement in ParentText The goal is to identify the optimal delivery of ParentText for parentscaregivers from low- and middle-income countries using a randomised between-subjects factorial experimental design
The second aim is to examine the preliminary effectiveness of the chatbot adaption of the Parenting for Lifelong Health programme ParentText on the primary outcome of child maltreatment and secondary outcomes of positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems and intimate partner violence
This study is part of a multi-phase research project The full research project has been registered to the Open Science Framework platform
To address the first aim the investigators will be conducting a factorial experiment which will examine the impact of four components Personalisation HighLow Gamification OnOff Gender Targeting OnOff Frequency of message 1 per day 3 per day on participant engagement The factorial experiment will be conducted in two countries Malaysia and South Africa Within each country the investigators have local partners who will be involved in deploying the intervention and recruiting participants Parentscaregivers will be primarily recruited through country-specific UNICEF U-Report platforms and government partners RapidPro the programme on which the chatbot is deployed will randomly allocate participants to the 16 experimental conditions The purpose of the factorial experiment is to estimate the main and interaction effects of the four components Based on the results the investigators will optimise the delivery of ParentText by selecting components or components levels that promote the highest level of engagement based on effect size
The second aim will be addressed by conducting latent growth curve models or multi-level models to examine the changes in outcome variables over time The experiment will be conducted across five countries Malaysia South Africa the Philippines Jamaica and Sri Lanka Within each country the investigators have local partners who will be involved in deploying the intervention and recruiting participants
The second aim is to examine the preliminary effectiveness of the chatbot adaption of the Parenting for Lifelong Health programme ParentText on the primary outcome of child maltreatment and secondary outcomes of positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems and intimate partner violence
This study is part of a multi-phase research project The full research project has been registered to the Open Science Framework platform
To address the first aim the investigators will be conducting a factorial experiment which will examine the impact of four components Personalisation HighLow Gamification OnOff Gender Targeting OnOff Frequency of message 1 per day 3 per day on participant engagement The factorial experiment will be conducted in two countries Malaysia and South Africa Within each country the investigators have local partners who will be involved in deploying the intervention and recruiting participants Parentscaregivers will be primarily recruited through country-specific UNICEF U-Report platforms and government partners RapidPro the programme on which the chatbot is deployed will randomly allocate participants to the 16 experimental conditions The purpose of the factorial experiment is to estimate the main and interaction effects of the four components Based on the results the investigators will optimise the delivery of ParentText by selecting components or components levels that promote the highest level of engagement based on effect size
The second aim will be addressed by conducting latent growth curve models or multi-level models to examine the changes in outcome variables over time The experiment will be conducted across five countries Malaysia South Africa the Philippines Jamaica and Sri Lanka Within each country the investigators have local partners who will be involved in deploying the intervention and recruiting participants
Detailed Description:
Research has shown that the modification of parenting programmes from being held in-person to being delivered digitally has been successful Meta-analytic and systematic reviews carried out in HMICs have illustrated that digital parenting interventions have similar effect sizes to in-person interventions Although these results are promising there are few gaps within the literature that have not been addressed First the majority of research is being conducted in High-Income Countries HICs Therefore results cannot be generalised to LMICs where differences in context and culture could have an impact on the effectiveness of digital parenting interventions Second parenting interventions are deployed on a variety of different technological platforms however a limited amount of research has focused on examining emerging platforms with the focus primarily being on app or internet-based interventions Therefore little is known in regards to the effectiveness of more novel intervention platforms such as chatbots
Whilst the digitalisation of parenting programmes allows for the widespread dissemination and utilisation of the intervention engagement rates for digital interventions remain low Engagement with digital behaviour change interventions can be described as the extent eg amount frequency duration depth of usage and as a subjective experience characterised by attention interest and affect Low engagement compromises the effectiveness of parenting programmes as the user is required to enrol and engage with the intervention for the programme to have an influence on behaviour Intervention developers have begun employing technological platforms such as chatbots that are designed with the intention to overcome low user engagement rates
Parenting research investigating digital intervention components which facilitate engagement remains scarce Broadening the scope beyond the field of parenting reviews of quantitative and qualitative research examining digital behaviour change interventions identified an assortment of behaviour change techniques and persuasive system design principles which have been found to facilitate and impede engagement and effectiveness However few consistent patterns emerged regarding what techniques and principles consistently facilitate engagement and effectiveness and for whom There is a requirement for the isolated techniques and principles utilised within digital parenting interventions to be tested to identify which intervention components influence engagement and intervention effectiveness and apply this research to optimise parenting interventions
The first aim of this study is to optimise user engagement in ParentText and to identify the optimal delivery of ParentText for parentscaregivers from low- and middle-income countries The investigators will be addressing three research questions
1 How do different component levels impact ParentText user engagement and retention in terms of a message personalisation highlow b gendered targeted messages onoff c gamification of module completions onoff and d frequency of messages highlow
2 Are there any interaction effects between different component levels of ParentText on user engagement and retention
3 How does the effectiveness of each component or component level on user engagement vary by different population characteristics ie parentchild age and gender parentcaregiver marital status parentcaregiver relationship to the child and experience of COVID-19
The factorial experiment will be conducted across two countries Malaysia and South Africa Within each country the investigators have local partners who will be involved in deploying the intervention and recruiting participants who take care of a child aged between 0 and 17 years old Parentscaregivers will be primarily recruited through country-specific UNICEF U-Report platforms and government partners
The following components have been selected based on research that concluded that these components have been efficient in increasing engagement with digital interventions
Component A Personalisation HighLow Half of the participants will receive high levels of personalisation receiving messages that utilise their nickname and the childs nickname Half of the participants will not receive this type of personalisation
Component B Gendered Targeted Messages OnOff Half of the participants will receive messages that are tailored towards either being a female or male caregiver The other half will not
Component C Gamification of Module Completion OnOff Half of the participants will receive a gamified progress update on what modules that they have completed This will be represented as the House of Support As the parent completes parenting skills the layers of the house will fill in representing their progress The other half of the participants will not be receiving gamified progress updates
Component D Frequency of Messages HighLow Half of the participants will receive 3 interactions a day high intensity the other half will receive 1 interaction a day low intensity
The current factorial experimental trial will randomise participants into the 16 experimental conditions Although this experiment has 16 experimental conditions it is not a 16-arm RCT The purpose of this factorial experiment is to estimate the main and intervention effects between the components and not to compare them to one another
The study will examine the following hypotheses
Hypotheses
Participants who receive high levels of personalisation will show higher levels of engagement in ParentText than compared to users receiving low levels of personalisation
Participants who receive gender-targeted messages will show higher levels of engagement in ParentText than compared to users receiving no gender-targeted messages
Participants who receive gamified progress updates will show higher levels of engagement in ParentText than compared to users receiving non-gamified progress updates
Exploratory Hypotheses
The investigators will explore how the frequency of messages will impact engagement
The investigators will explore how the effectiveness of components on engagement will vary dependent on demographic characteristics
The investigators will explore interaction effects between experimental components
The second aim of the study is to examine the preliminary effectiveness of the chatbot adaption of the Parenting for Lifelong Health programme ParentText on the primary outcome of child maltreatment and the secondary outcomes of positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems IPV attitudes toward gender roles and IPV and gender-equitable behaviours The investigators will be investigating five research questions
1 How does overall child maltreatment primary outcome change over time for parentscaregivers engaged in the ParentText intervention
2 How do the following secondary outcomes change over time for parentscaregivers engaged in the ParentText intervention physical abuse emotional abuse positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems intimate partner violence IPV victimisation and perpetration attitudes toward intimate partner violence IPV and gender roles and gender-equitable behaviours
3 How do changes in secondary outcomes mediate change in overall child maltreatment
4 How do changes in primary and secondary outcomes vary based on different population characteristics ie parentchild age and gender parentcaregiver marital status parentcaregiver relationship to the child and experience of COVID-19
5 What is the association between user engagement and change over time in primary outcomes and secondary outcomes
Exploratory Hypotheses
ParentText will have a significant impact on our primary outcome decreasing child maltreatment
ParentText will have a significant impact on our secondary outcomes increasing positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse gender-equitable behaviours and improving attitudes toward gender roles and IPV as well as reducing financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems intimate partner violence IPV victimisation and perpetration
The investigators will explore how the impact of ParentText will vary depending on user engagement and demographic characteristics
The investigators will also explore interaction effects between experimental components
The experiment will be conducted in five countries Malaysia South Africa Jamaica the Philippines and Sri Lanka Country specific recruitment is outlined below
South Africa Investigators will collaborate with Clowns Without Borders South Africa and the Department of Social Development to deploy and recruit participants in the Northern Cape Participants will be recruited by radio announcements The investigators are also collaborating with UNICEF South Africa who will assist in recruiting participants over the age of 20 via their U-Report Platform N 79800 UNICEF South Africa will send U-reporters an unsolicited recruitment message that is accompanied by a link that takes users to the landing site of ParentText
Malaysia 20-35 participants will be recruited by our implementing partner Generasi Gemilang from their family programmes Participants will also be recruited either by UNICEF via their U-Report Platform N 25200 or through the National Population and Family Development Board LPPKN which will blast messages to individuals who have previously participated in the LPPNK parenting workshops N 20000
Jamaica Participants will be recruited in collaboration with UNICEF Jamaica and Parenting Partners Caribbean as part of the Spotlight Initiative a community-wide intervention aimed at reducing violence against women and girls Participants will be recruited in four parishes N 1000 Parents and caregivers from the Spotlight initiative will be recruited by community youth activists leaflets radio announcements posters and other community-wide activities
The Philippines Participants will be recruited in collaboration with the Philippine Department of Social Welfare and Development 30 families will be targeted who are enrolled in a conditional cash transfer programme 4Ps who live in the Valenzuela municipality of Metro Manila
Sri Lanka Participants will be recruited in collaboration with the Health Promotion Bureau Over 492640 people follow this channel The population includes media personal health care service providers community leaders employers at all levels of industry and their organisations hotels supermarkets banks Ceylon Employers Federation and the general public who uses Viber social media in Sri Lanka The Health Promotion Bureau will select randomly individuals who are over 18 to receive a recruitment message to ParentText
Whilst the digitalisation of parenting programmes allows for the widespread dissemination and utilisation of the intervention engagement rates for digital interventions remain low Engagement with digital behaviour change interventions can be described as the extent eg amount frequency duration depth of usage and as a subjective experience characterised by attention interest and affect Low engagement compromises the effectiveness of parenting programmes as the user is required to enrol and engage with the intervention for the programme to have an influence on behaviour Intervention developers have begun employing technological platforms such as chatbots that are designed with the intention to overcome low user engagement rates
Parenting research investigating digital intervention components which facilitate engagement remains scarce Broadening the scope beyond the field of parenting reviews of quantitative and qualitative research examining digital behaviour change interventions identified an assortment of behaviour change techniques and persuasive system design principles which have been found to facilitate and impede engagement and effectiveness However few consistent patterns emerged regarding what techniques and principles consistently facilitate engagement and effectiveness and for whom There is a requirement for the isolated techniques and principles utilised within digital parenting interventions to be tested to identify which intervention components influence engagement and intervention effectiveness and apply this research to optimise parenting interventions
The first aim of this study is to optimise user engagement in ParentText and to identify the optimal delivery of ParentText for parentscaregivers from low- and middle-income countries The investigators will be addressing three research questions
1 How do different component levels impact ParentText user engagement and retention in terms of a message personalisation highlow b gendered targeted messages onoff c gamification of module completions onoff and d frequency of messages highlow
2 Are there any interaction effects between different component levels of ParentText on user engagement and retention
3 How does the effectiveness of each component or component level on user engagement vary by different population characteristics ie parentchild age and gender parentcaregiver marital status parentcaregiver relationship to the child and experience of COVID-19
The factorial experiment will be conducted across two countries Malaysia and South Africa Within each country the investigators have local partners who will be involved in deploying the intervention and recruiting participants who take care of a child aged between 0 and 17 years old Parentscaregivers will be primarily recruited through country-specific UNICEF U-Report platforms and government partners
The following components have been selected based on research that concluded that these components have been efficient in increasing engagement with digital interventions
Component A Personalisation HighLow Half of the participants will receive high levels of personalisation receiving messages that utilise their nickname and the childs nickname Half of the participants will not receive this type of personalisation
Component B Gendered Targeted Messages OnOff Half of the participants will receive messages that are tailored towards either being a female or male caregiver The other half will not
Component C Gamification of Module Completion OnOff Half of the participants will receive a gamified progress update on what modules that they have completed This will be represented as the House of Support As the parent completes parenting skills the layers of the house will fill in representing their progress The other half of the participants will not be receiving gamified progress updates
Component D Frequency of Messages HighLow Half of the participants will receive 3 interactions a day high intensity the other half will receive 1 interaction a day low intensity
The current factorial experimental trial will randomise participants into the 16 experimental conditions Although this experiment has 16 experimental conditions it is not a 16-arm RCT The purpose of this factorial experiment is to estimate the main and intervention effects between the components and not to compare them to one another
The study will examine the following hypotheses
Hypotheses
Participants who receive high levels of personalisation will show higher levels of engagement in ParentText than compared to users receiving low levels of personalisation
Participants who receive gender-targeted messages will show higher levels of engagement in ParentText than compared to users receiving no gender-targeted messages
Participants who receive gamified progress updates will show higher levels of engagement in ParentText than compared to users receiving non-gamified progress updates
Exploratory Hypotheses
The investigators will explore how the frequency of messages will impact engagement
The investigators will explore how the effectiveness of components on engagement will vary dependent on demographic characteristics
The investigators will explore interaction effects between experimental components
The second aim of the study is to examine the preliminary effectiveness of the chatbot adaption of the Parenting for Lifelong Health programme ParentText on the primary outcome of child maltreatment and the secondary outcomes of positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems IPV attitudes toward gender roles and IPV and gender-equitable behaviours The investigators will be investigating five research questions
1 How does overall child maltreatment primary outcome change over time for parentscaregivers engaged in the ParentText intervention
2 How do the following secondary outcomes change over time for parentscaregivers engaged in the ParentText intervention physical abuse emotional abuse positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems intimate partner violence IPV victimisation and perpetration attitudes toward intimate partner violence IPV and gender roles and gender-equitable behaviours
3 How do changes in secondary outcomes mediate change in overall child maltreatment
4 How do changes in primary and secondary outcomes vary based on different population characteristics ie parentchild age and gender parentcaregiver marital status parentcaregiver relationship to the child and experience of COVID-19
5 What is the association between user engagement and change over time in primary outcomes and secondary outcomes
Exploratory Hypotheses
ParentText will have a significant impact on our primary outcome decreasing child maltreatment
ParentText will have a significant impact on our secondary outcomes increasing positive parenting parental self-efficacy parental communication about sexual abuse gender-equitable behaviours and improving attitudes toward gender roles and IPV as well as reducing financial stress parental stress child behaviour problems intimate partner violence IPV victimisation and perpetration
The investigators will explore how the impact of ParentText will vary depending on user engagement and demographic characteristics
The investigators will also explore interaction effects between experimental components
The experiment will be conducted in five countries Malaysia South Africa Jamaica the Philippines and Sri Lanka Country specific recruitment is outlined below
South Africa Investigators will collaborate with Clowns Without Borders South Africa and the Department of Social Development to deploy and recruit participants in the Northern Cape Participants will be recruited by radio announcements The investigators are also collaborating with UNICEF South Africa who will assist in recruiting participants over the age of 20 via their U-Report Platform N 79800 UNICEF South Africa will send U-reporters an unsolicited recruitment message that is accompanied by a link that takes users to the landing site of ParentText
Malaysia 20-35 participants will be recruited by our implementing partner Generasi Gemilang from their family programmes Participants will also be recruited either by UNICEF via their U-Report Platform N 25200 or through the National Population and Family Development Board LPPKN which will blast messages to individuals who have previously participated in the LPPNK parenting workshops N 20000
Jamaica Participants will be recruited in collaboration with UNICEF Jamaica and Parenting Partners Caribbean as part of the Spotlight Initiative a community-wide intervention aimed at reducing violence against women and girls Participants will be recruited in four parishes N 1000 Parents and caregivers from the Spotlight initiative will be recruited by community youth activists leaflets radio announcements posters and other community-wide activities
The Philippines Participants will be recruited in collaboration with the Philippine Department of Social Welfare and Development 30 families will be targeted who are enrolled in a conditional cash transfer programme 4Ps who live in the Valenzuela municipality of Metro Manila
Sri Lanka Participants will be recruited in collaboration with the Health Promotion Bureau Over 492640 people follow this channel The population includes media personal health care service providers community leaders employers at all levels of industry and their organisations hotels supermarkets banks Ceylon Employers Federation and the general public who uses Viber social media in Sri Lanka The Health Promotion Bureau will select randomly individuals who are over 18 to receive a recruitment message to ParentText
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None