Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 3:44 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 1:56 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT04743544
Status:
UNKNOWN
Last Update Posted:
2021-02-08
First Post:
2021-02-03
Brief Title:
Influence of CYP2C19 Genotype on Safety and Efficacy of Voriconazole in Pediatric Patients With Hematologic Malignancy
Sponsor:
Dokuz Eylul University
Organization:
Dokuz Eylul University
Study Overview
Official Title:
Influence of CYP2C19 Genotype on Safety and Efficacy of Voriconazole in Pediatric Patients With Hematologic Malignancy
Status:
UNKNOWN
Status Verified Date:
2021-02
Last Known Status:
RECRUITING
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Voriconazole is a drug used to treat invasive fungal infections The amount of voriconazole in a persons blood helps to determine how effectively it treats an infection and how safe it is Patients respond differently when receiving the same dose - some clearly benefit other patients experience side effects and others see limited improvement in their infection
Voriconazole is broken down in the liver mainly by an enzyme called CYP2C19 before being excreted from the body The activity of CY2C19 differs between people because of variation in the DNA that encodes the bodys instructions to make CYP2C19
If CYP2C19 activity is very high voriconazole blood levels may remain below the target range when a patient receives a standard dose of voriconazole which may be insufficient to treat their infection Besides children tend to have faster voriconazole metabolism regardless of the genetic makeup mainly because of higher liver massbody proportion Thats why younger patients needs higher doses and it is harder for them to reach target range Having a high CYP2C19 activity and being young combined may cause to consider choosing an alternative drug By contrast decreased CYP2C19 activity due to genetic variation may result in excessively high voriconazole blood levels predisposing to serious side effects
Therefore knowing a patients CYP2C19 genetic makeup is very important for predicting their response to voriconazole
Thus we aim to determine the influence of genetic variation in CYP2C19 on the frequency and severity of side effects related to voriconazole and on the effectiveness of voriconazole for treating serious fungal infections The findings from this study will contribute to determining the optimal dose of voriconazole that patients with different genetic variants in CYP2C19 should be started on and will take us one step closer to both understanding the genetic structure of CYP2C19 in the Turkish population and to personalised medicine
Voriconazole is broken down in the liver mainly by an enzyme called CYP2C19 before being excreted from the body The activity of CY2C19 differs between people because of variation in the DNA that encodes the bodys instructions to make CYP2C19
If CYP2C19 activity is very high voriconazole blood levels may remain below the target range when a patient receives a standard dose of voriconazole which may be insufficient to treat their infection Besides children tend to have faster voriconazole metabolism regardless of the genetic makeup mainly because of higher liver massbody proportion Thats why younger patients needs higher doses and it is harder for them to reach target range Having a high CYP2C19 activity and being young combined may cause to consider choosing an alternative drug By contrast decreased CYP2C19 activity due to genetic variation may result in excessively high voriconazole blood levels predisposing to serious side effects
Therefore knowing a patients CYP2C19 genetic makeup is very important for predicting their response to voriconazole
Thus we aim to determine the influence of genetic variation in CYP2C19 on the frequency and severity of side effects related to voriconazole and on the effectiveness of voriconazole for treating serious fungal infections The findings from this study will contribute to determining the optimal dose of voriconazole that patients with different genetic variants in CYP2C19 should be started on and will take us one step closer to both understanding the genetic structure of CYP2C19 in the Turkish population and to personalised medicine
Detailed Description:
Invasive fungal infections are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in immune compromised children Aspergillus species are reported to be the most common molds that cause invasive infections among pediatric patients both in the United States and in Europe
Voriconazole is recommended as the first line therapy for invasive Aspergillosis The major proportion of the drug undergoes hepatic metabolism via cytochrome enzymes The hepatic cytochrome enzyme that mainly involves in the metabolism of voriconazole is CYP2C19 which is known to be highly polymorphic So far more than 30 variant alleles have been defined in the gene that codes CYP2C19 enzyme
Polymorphisms in CYP2C19 gene are associated with alterations in voriconazole metabolism It is postulated that only 35-50 of the populations has normal metabolic activity for this drug The carriers of defective alleles 22 23 33 in CYP2C19 gene have slower metabolic activity for voriconazole while the carriers of 17 allele have increased enzyme activity and higher metabolic capacity for the drug
Voriconazole has a narrow therapeutic window When the therapy is initiated with standard doses interpersonal differences in CYP2C19 activity make it difficult to remain in the optimal therapeutic range Furthermore it is reported that voriconazole concentrations in pediatric patients can exhibit up to 3-fold variation among individuals and it is extremely hard to reach and remain therapeutic concentration in younger children As low serum concentrations cause decreased efficacy supratherapeutic concentrations may cause voriconazole toxicity which also leads to significant morbidity mortality and high treatment costs
To ensure desired efficacy and safety of voriconazole treatment therapeutic drug monitoring TDM is recommended but unfortunately it is not a part of routine clinical care in many hospitals due to frequent blood sampling and analysis requirements and the high analysis costs On the other hand starting the therapy with standard doses and adjusting it with subsequent TDMs may cause delay in selecting optimal voriconazole dose and providing effective treatment
It is reported that pediatric patients those are initiated voriconazole therapy with pharmacogenetic-guided dose selection reaches targeted serum voriconazole concentration 4-fold faster than the patients those are given standard doses and undergoes subsequent dose adjustments according to TDM results Thus CYP2C19 genotyping is essential in reaching the optimal voriconazole concentration in shorter times Genotype-guided first dose selection would make it easier to reach the targeted serum voriconazole concentration minimize frequent TDM requirement prevent the treatment failure and lead to better clinical outcomes On the other hand pharmacogenetic analysis results can also be used for adjusting dose of other drugs that is metabolized by the same enzyme
We could only located one conference proceeding reporting the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on safety of voriconazole use in 6 patients in Turkish population Current literature is limited and the guidelines does not make a clear recommendation about the pharmacogenetic-guided dose selections Thus to build safe pharmacogenetic- guided dose selection algorithms more data in that field is required
This study is designed to prospectively determine the influence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on frequency and severity of voriconazole related adverse event reactions during the study follow up period and on the efficacy of voriconazole treatment prophylaxis Samples for pharmacogenetic analysis will be stored for further studies depending on participants and the parents discreation
METHOD This is a multi centre observational cohort study
Study population
Patients aged between 2 years and 18 years hospitalized in pediatric hematology clinics in research centers Dokuz Eylul University Hospital Ege University Hospital Izmir University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital due to a hematological malignancy acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloid leukemia and receiving voriconazole as part of invasive fungal infection prophylaxis or treatment
Data and sample collection 111Data collection At baseline demographics and clinical information will be recorded from all patients directly and complemented from their medical records All patients will be followed up by the research team daily for the first 7 days following voriconazole initiation and then on days 14 30 and 60 All follow up will be initially via assessment of medical records with additional data input from the patient directly The medical records include the electronic hospital record system PROBEL paper-based patient records and other patient follow-up- documents
During routine clinical care ADRs are monitored daily by a pediatric hematology fellow andor pediatrician On days one to seven following voriconazole initiation the investigators will record these clinical evaluations daily they will also capture these data on days 14 and 30
For participants that had either started voriconazole active treatment before they were recruited or were recruited during the maintenance phase of their voriconazole regimen the research team will assess their medicals records retrospectively between the point of recruitment and day one of their active voriconazole treatment to detect ADRs
On days 30 and 60 patient survival will be recorded by review of patient records only
Treatment response efficacy will be determined based on the EORTCMSG consensus criteria These data will be obtained at all follow up points from day one to seven and days 14 30 and 60
112Sample collection 1121Samples fo PGx analysis All pediatric patients with a hematologic malignancy acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloid leukemia hospitalized aforementioned study centers and their parents will be informed of the study Those agree to participate in will donate 2 mL blood sample collected into an EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid tube on day one whilst blood samples are being taken from the patient for daily routine clinical purposes without requiring any other needle insertion Samples for PGx analysis will be coded and stored securely in Dokuz Eylul University Hospital Department of Medical Pharmacology The samples will be stored -80 celcius degree until used up PGx analysis will be performed in the Department of Medical Genetics at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital at the end of the study Participants and physicians will not be informed of the participants genotype during the study period The participants clinical care will not be affected in any way by taking part in the study
1122Samples for voriconazole concentration determination The patients those start using voriconazole as part of invasive fungal infection prophylaxis or treatment will The second 2 mL blood sample will be collected into a red cap tube on the fifth day 9th dose of treatment before the morning voriconazole dose again whilst blood is being collected as part of routine clinical care without requiring any other needle insertion to determine the trough voriconazole concentration at steady state This blood sample will be centrifuged and the serum stored in the Department of Medical Pharmacology at the Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine When follow up is completed for a given patient this serum sample will be transferred to an accredited laboratory in Istanbul Turkey with maintenance and assurance of the cold chain during sample transportation to guarantee sample integrity
Voriconazole is recommended as the first line therapy for invasive Aspergillosis The major proportion of the drug undergoes hepatic metabolism via cytochrome enzymes The hepatic cytochrome enzyme that mainly involves in the metabolism of voriconazole is CYP2C19 which is known to be highly polymorphic So far more than 30 variant alleles have been defined in the gene that codes CYP2C19 enzyme
Polymorphisms in CYP2C19 gene are associated with alterations in voriconazole metabolism It is postulated that only 35-50 of the populations has normal metabolic activity for this drug The carriers of defective alleles 22 23 33 in CYP2C19 gene have slower metabolic activity for voriconazole while the carriers of 17 allele have increased enzyme activity and higher metabolic capacity for the drug
Voriconazole has a narrow therapeutic window When the therapy is initiated with standard doses interpersonal differences in CYP2C19 activity make it difficult to remain in the optimal therapeutic range Furthermore it is reported that voriconazole concentrations in pediatric patients can exhibit up to 3-fold variation among individuals and it is extremely hard to reach and remain therapeutic concentration in younger children As low serum concentrations cause decreased efficacy supratherapeutic concentrations may cause voriconazole toxicity which also leads to significant morbidity mortality and high treatment costs
To ensure desired efficacy and safety of voriconazole treatment therapeutic drug monitoring TDM is recommended but unfortunately it is not a part of routine clinical care in many hospitals due to frequent blood sampling and analysis requirements and the high analysis costs On the other hand starting the therapy with standard doses and adjusting it with subsequent TDMs may cause delay in selecting optimal voriconazole dose and providing effective treatment
It is reported that pediatric patients those are initiated voriconazole therapy with pharmacogenetic-guided dose selection reaches targeted serum voriconazole concentration 4-fold faster than the patients those are given standard doses and undergoes subsequent dose adjustments according to TDM results Thus CYP2C19 genotyping is essential in reaching the optimal voriconazole concentration in shorter times Genotype-guided first dose selection would make it easier to reach the targeted serum voriconazole concentration minimize frequent TDM requirement prevent the treatment failure and lead to better clinical outcomes On the other hand pharmacogenetic analysis results can also be used for adjusting dose of other drugs that is metabolized by the same enzyme
We could only located one conference proceeding reporting the effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on safety of voriconazole use in 6 patients in Turkish population Current literature is limited and the guidelines does not make a clear recommendation about the pharmacogenetic-guided dose selections Thus to build safe pharmacogenetic- guided dose selection algorithms more data in that field is required
This study is designed to prospectively determine the influence of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on frequency and severity of voriconazole related adverse event reactions during the study follow up period and on the efficacy of voriconazole treatment prophylaxis Samples for pharmacogenetic analysis will be stored for further studies depending on participants and the parents discreation
METHOD This is a multi centre observational cohort study
Study population
Patients aged between 2 years and 18 years hospitalized in pediatric hematology clinics in research centers Dokuz Eylul University Hospital Ege University Hospital Izmir University of Health Sciences Tepecik Training and Research Hospital due to a hematological malignancy acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloid leukemia and receiving voriconazole as part of invasive fungal infection prophylaxis or treatment
Data and sample collection 111Data collection At baseline demographics and clinical information will be recorded from all patients directly and complemented from their medical records All patients will be followed up by the research team daily for the first 7 days following voriconazole initiation and then on days 14 30 and 60 All follow up will be initially via assessment of medical records with additional data input from the patient directly The medical records include the electronic hospital record system PROBEL paper-based patient records and other patient follow-up- documents
During routine clinical care ADRs are monitored daily by a pediatric hematology fellow andor pediatrician On days one to seven following voriconazole initiation the investigators will record these clinical evaluations daily they will also capture these data on days 14 and 30
For participants that had either started voriconazole active treatment before they were recruited or were recruited during the maintenance phase of their voriconazole regimen the research team will assess their medicals records retrospectively between the point of recruitment and day one of their active voriconazole treatment to detect ADRs
On days 30 and 60 patient survival will be recorded by review of patient records only
Treatment response efficacy will be determined based on the EORTCMSG consensus criteria These data will be obtained at all follow up points from day one to seven and days 14 30 and 60
112Sample collection 1121Samples fo PGx analysis All pediatric patients with a hematologic malignancy acute lymphoblastic leukemia acute myeloid leukemia hospitalized aforementioned study centers and their parents will be informed of the study Those agree to participate in will donate 2 mL blood sample collected into an EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid tube on day one whilst blood samples are being taken from the patient for daily routine clinical purposes without requiring any other needle insertion Samples for PGx analysis will be coded and stored securely in Dokuz Eylul University Hospital Department of Medical Pharmacology The samples will be stored -80 celcius degree until used up PGx analysis will be performed in the Department of Medical Genetics at Dokuz Eylul University Hospital at the end of the study Participants and physicians will not be informed of the participants genotype during the study period The participants clinical care will not be affected in any way by taking part in the study
1122Samples for voriconazole concentration determination The patients those start using voriconazole as part of invasive fungal infection prophylaxis or treatment will The second 2 mL blood sample will be collected into a red cap tube on the fifth day 9th dose of treatment before the morning voriconazole dose again whilst blood is being collected as part of routine clinical care without requiring any other needle insertion to determine the trough voriconazole concentration at steady state This blood sample will be centrifuged and the serum stored in the Department of Medical Pharmacology at the Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine When follow up is completed for a given patient this serum sample will be transferred to an accredited laboratory in Istanbul Turkey with maintenance and assurance of the cold chain during sample transportation to guarantee sample integrity
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
True
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
False
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None