Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 3:40 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 1:54 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT04716543
Status:
UNKNOWN
Last Update Posted:
2021-07-01
First Post:
2020-12-14
Brief Title:
Epidemiological Investigation of COVID-19 in Laos Using a One-Health Approach in Human and Animals
Sponsor:
ANRS Emerging Infectious Diseases
Organization:
ANRS Emerging Infectious Diseases
Study Overview
Official Title:
One-health Approach in Epidemiological Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 in Laos
Status:
UNKNOWN
Status Verified Date:
2021-06
Last Known Status:
NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
LACOVISS
Brief Summary:
The Respiratory infection COVID-19 due to a new coronavirus SARS-CoV2 appeared in December 2019 in several people who attended the wildlife market in Wuhan Hubei Province China While COVID-19 has spread to nearly 200 countries and caused two millions infections Lao PDR detected its first confirmed case very recently on March 20 three months after the start of the outbreak in China As of April 12th 2020 Lao PDR has only recorded 18 confirmed cases a very low number compared to other countries around the world
However several key factors suggest that Lao PDR could be much more affected by COVID-19 because of the following reasons i The multiple and massive trans-border movements between Lao PDR and China ii The similar biogeographical and socio-ecological characteristics with South-Western China iii The detection of a high diversity of Betacoronavirus sequences in several species of bats in Lao PDR iv The numerous markets selling high volumes of local wildlife including bats and pangolins
LACOVISS project aim at investigating using a ONE-HEALTH approach this unexpected epidemiological pattern of SARS-CoV-2 in Lao PDR by bringing together an interdisciplinary team of experts in the field from IRD the University of Caen the Center of Infectiology Lao-Christophe Mérieux CILM and the National animal Health Laboratory NAHL in Vientiane The study will focus on a community-based cohort of 1092 households including 5400 study participants followed-up between March 2015 and February 2019 for influenza-like illness investigation and causative agents detection LACORIS project located in the Vientiane metropolitan area The COVID-19 progression in Lao PDR and track SARS-CoV-2 will be followed retrospectively and prospectively in all potential actors in SARS-CoV-2 circulation including humans domestic animals and wildlife
The LACOVISS project will undoubtedly bring new insight in SARS-Cov-2 and SARS-CoV-like circulation in Lao PDR as well as valuable information on the natural history of COVID-19 and on the modalities of the spillover into humans which are still largely unknown
However several key factors suggest that Lao PDR could be much more affected by COVID-19 because of the following reasons i The multiple and massive trans-border movements between Lao PDR and China ii The similar biogeographical and socio-ecological characteristics with South-Western China iii The detection of a high diversity of Betacoronavirus sequences in several species of bats in Lao PDR iv The numerous markets selling high volumes of local wildlife including bats and pangolins
LACOVISS project aim at investigating using a ONE-HEALTH approach this unexpected epidemiological pattern of SARS-CoV-2 in Lao PDR by bringing together an interdisciplinary team of experts in the field from IRD the University of Caen the Center of Infectiology Lao-Christophe Mérieux CILM and the National animal Health Laboratory NAHL in Vientiane The study will focus on a community-based cohort of 1092 households including 5400 study participants followed-up between March 2015 and February 2019 for influenza-like illness investigation and causative agents detection LACORIS project located in the Vientiane metropolitan area The COVID-19 progression in Lao PDR and track SARS-CoV-2 will be followed retrospectively and prospectively in all potential actors in SARS-CoV-2 circulation including humans domestic animals and wildlife
The LACOVISS project will undoubtedly bring new insight in SARS-Cov-2 and SARS-CoV-like circulation in Lao PDR as well as valuable information on the natural history of COVID-19 and on the modalities of the spillover into humans which are still largely unknown
Detailed Description:
1 INTRODUCTION
This project is mainly based on two major questions that remain unsolved The first one is the origin of the outbreak and the events that led to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans The second is the striking epidemiological situation in Laos in which only a few cases have been observed despite similar biogeographical and socio-ecological characteristics shared with South-Western ChinaThe diversity of wild fauna notably in southern China and in South-East Asia where bat diversity peaks to over 100 species associated with the wide circulation of coronaviruses especially in Laos PDR and their evolutionary and zoonotic potential indicate that past or future emergences in Laos can be expected In addition given the massive population movement between Laos and China it was expected a significant spread of COVID-19 from China to Laos In order to respond to these two main questions the investigators formulate the following working hypotheses to address in this project
Assumption 1 COVID-19 may massively spread to the Laos population in the near future through the arrival in the country of infected individuals
Assumption 2 SARS-CoV-2 has been already circulating in Laos before the appearance of COVID-19 outbreak in China
Assumption 3 SARS-CoV-2 may jump from wildlife and emerge into the Lao human population in the future Assumption 4 Some genetic closely related viruses SARS-CoV-2-like viruses have already circulated in Laos
2 OBJECTIVES
The general objective of the project is to elucidate the natural history of COVID-19 by investigating the circulation of the virus in Lao PDR following a ONE-HEALTH approach before retrospective approach and after prospective approach the initial appearance of the outbreak in China
In particular the investigators will investigate the progressions of the outbreak and the reasons behind the relative low number of COVID-19 positive patients observed to date in the country despite sharing biogeographical and socio-ecological features and trans-border with South-Western China
Under this general heading the secondary objectives are
In humans
To determine COVID-19 circulation within the cohort before the appearance of the first positive cases in December 2019 in Wuhan China To determine COVID-19 progression over a one-year period from the beginning of the project To evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infections To assess past SARS-CoV-2 circulation
In animals
To investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pets and domestic animals
3 METHODOLOGY
In humans
The project will be conducted within a community-based cohort of 1092 households including 5400 study participants followed-up between March 2015 and February 2019 for influenza-like illness investigation and causative agents detection LACORIS project Respiratory Infectious Disease among Cohorts in Vientiane Capital Lao PDR located in the Vientiane metropolitan area in Lao PDR reference 1 and internal reports
Retrospective approach To determine COVID-19 circulation within the cohort before the appearance of the first positive cases in December 2019 in Wuhan China by retrospective SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in samples collected from a cohort of 1092 households including 5400 study participants followed-up between March 2015 and February 2019 LACORIS project 1 and internal reports
Prospective approach To determine COVID-19 progression over a one-year period from the beginning of the project by SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in individuals expressing an influenza-like illness
For this intra-familial and intra-community transmission rate and context will be evaluated by SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in contacts of COVID-19 positive cases detected during the prospective phase of the project
To assess past SARS-CoV-2 circulation by screening specific antibodies from saliva swabs in a randomized group of the cohort study
In animals
- To investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pets and domestic animals by RNA detection in animals living with or near positive cases detected during the prospective phase of the project
4 STUDY SITES AND POPULATION
The study will cover 1092 households including 5400 study participants living in 25 villages within the administrative boundaries of the Vientiane metropolitan area A household was defined as a group of individuals living on the same plot of land one or more houses or in the same building apartment and sharing their meals All study co-investigators will be trained before the beginning and during the study on the specific aspects of the study
5 RESEARCH FLOWCHART
51 Flowchart of the participant with ILI symptoms
All family members more than 6 months living with SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals will have non-invasive exam for SARS-CoV-2 detection nasal throat swab saliva and a questionnaire
Participation in the study
Information All participants will be handed a written information form to participate in the research This form will provide information on the scope and intent of the study as well as the obligations of the study investigators and expectations from cohort members
Collection of consent Before the beginning of the study an appointment with the investigative surveillance team at the household will be scheduled to explain the details of the project These details include taking respiratory swab samples in case of influenza-like disease for the patient and family members The team will hand in the information form and will collect the written consent form from each willing household member previously signed by three people Interviewer parent or guardian witnessfamily member
Cohort participation
The project study will extend over a year period and will begin as soon as the ethical clearance will be obtained Households will be selected from household registries and will be enrolled into the cohort via door-to-door sampling according to the database already set up at CILM A household is defined as a group of individuals living on the same plot of land one or more houses or in the same building apartment and sharing meals Over a year active case finding for influenza-like illness ILI will be conducted among the cohort through weekly phone calls N500 to each household by staff at CILM To increase the likelihood of pathogen identification study participants will be encouraged to self-report occurrence of symptoms to allow early collection of specimens As soon as a case meets the ILI-WHO criteria a free of charge visit will be organised on the same day by the field-trained healthcare staff the investigative surveillance team to interview and verify the disease eligibility criteria to complete a disease investigation questionnaire where details about the symptomatology will be collected
Diagnosis results and ILI Follow-up
The results of COVID 19 analysis positive or negative will be transmitted to the NCLE National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology
If the result is COVID19 positive the NCLE will send it to the National Taskforce Committee for prevention control and response COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 positive patient will be taken care by this national Committee and followed up according to the official procedures
According to the Committee recommendations all family members living with the COVID-19 patient will be sampled in order to look for asymptomatic infections In all other cases detection of another respiratory virus or negative results the result will be returned on site in written form directly to the participant adult or children between 12 and 18 years old or to the parent or the guardian children under 12 years old or adult with psychiatric disorders by the interviewer The participants will be referred to medical doctors or to the local healthcare structures to be treated There are four general hospitals in Vientiane and several local healthcare structures in each of the 25 villages included in our study When a patient will develop ILI the doctor in our team will advise him on any treatment to be taken on the preventive measures to be taken to avoid contamination of other members of his family and will direct him to the closest healthcare structure Except in exceptional cases no logistical transport or medical support is recommended in the project
Patients or their family will be attended 60 days later to determine the overall health status including hospitalisation or death
52 End of research
At the end of the study a final report will be communicated to each household and the results will be explained by the interviewer
Each week the head of the household will be contacted by phone to ask if one member of his family has developed signs of illness If there is no news from a participant for 3 consecutive weeks an investigator will go on site to conduct more precise investigations
53 Questionnaires
Overall the study includes two kind of questionnaires
A household enrolment questionnaire including sociodemographic details Census questions asked upon enrollment to build a database of participating villages for purposes of weekly home visits disease investigation and follow-up investigation This questionnaire will be filled in by the interviewer for each household at the time of the enrolment when the information form will be handed in and the signature of the informed consent will be obtained
A disease investigation questionnaire including details of the ILI disease Questions asked will provide information on the person reporting with illness and include basic clinical observations and other information relevant to understanding the source of the illness This questionnaire will be filled in by the interviewer at the time of the sample collection
Specimens to be collected using standard protocols include
Upper Respiratory swabs saliva throat and nasal swabs samples will be collected on transport medium according to the recommendations of the National Taskforce Committee for prevention control and response COVID-19 pandemic Each sample will be collected by trained field staff using sterile Nylon swabs with plastic shafts and inserted in the sterile cryovial containing universal transport media UTM
The samples will be placed and transported in refrigerated coolers to CILM for testing
The patient identification number see below will be linked by a relational database and pre-printed labels placed on the questionnaire and on any specimen collected
Specific qPCR for SARS-CoV2 targeting RdRp N and E genes as well as Pan-coronavirus targeting RdRp will be performed on RNA extracted from retrospective and prospective nasal swabs throat swabs and sputum specimens The analyses will be performed at CILM Vientiane Laos Each positive sample will be sequenced and compared to reference sequences
Specific IgG testing will be performed by luminex and ELISA technologies from saliva swabs
After testing the samples will be stored at -80C at CILM until further analysis upon request for at least 15 years The samples could be destroyed after at least 15 years upon request from the authorities of Lao PDR and the staff manager of CILM
Upon request from the coordinating investigators of the study Phimpha Paboriboune and Eric Leroy and agreement of the scientific committee genetic materials from positive samples will be sent to MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier - IRD 911 avenue Agropolis 34394 Montpellier France for further analyses that cannot be performed at CILM or for whole genome sequencing
This project is mainly based on two major questions that remain unsolved The first one is the origin of the outbreak and the events that led to the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to humans The second is the striking epidemiological situation in Laos in which only a few cases have been observed despite similar biogeographical and socio-ecological characteristics shared with South-Western ChinaThe diversity of wild fauna notably in southern China and in South-East Asia where bat diversity peaks to over 100 species associated with the wide circulation of coronaviruses especially in Laos PDR and their evolutionary and zoonotic potential indicate that past or future emergences in Laos can be expected In addition given the massive population movement between Laos and China it was expected a significant spread of COVID-19 from China to Laos In order to respond to these two main questions the investigators formulate the following working hypotheses to address in this project
Assumption 1 COVID-19 may massively spread to the Laos population in the near future through the arrival in the country of infected individuals
Assumption 2 SARS-CoV-2 has been already circulating in Laos before the appearance of COVID-19 outbreak in China
Assumption 3 SARS-CoV-2 may jump from wildlife and emerge into the Lao human population in the future Assumption 4 Some genetic closely related viruses SARS-CoV-2-like viruses have already circulated in Laos
2 OBJECTIVES
The general objective of the project is to elucidate the natural history of COVID-19 by investigating the circulation of the virus in Lao PDR following a ONE-HEALTH approach before retrospective approach and after prospective approach the initial appearance of the outbreak in China
In particular the investigators will investigate the progressions of the outbreak and the reasons behind the relative low number of COVID-19 positive patients observed to date in the country despite sharing biogeographical and socio-ecological features and trans-border with South-Western China
Under this general heading the secondary objectives are
In humans
To determine COVID-19 circulation within the cohort before the appearance of the first positive cases in December 2019 in Wuhan China To determine COVID-19 progression over a one-year period from the beginning of the project To evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infections To assess past SARS-CoV-2 circulation
In animals
To investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pets and domestic animals
3 METHODOLOGY
In humans
The project will be conducted within a community-based cohort of 1092 households including 5400 study participants followed-up between March 2015 and February 2019 for influenza-like illness investigation and causative agents detection LACORIS project Respiratory Infectious Disease among Cohorts in Vientiane Capital Lao PDR located in the Vientiane metropolitan area in Lao PDR reference 1 and internal reports
Retrospective approach To determine COVID-19 circulation within the cohort before the appearance of the first positive cases in December 2019 in Wuhan China by retrospective SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in samples collected from a cohort of 1092 households including 5400 study participants followed-up between March 2015 and February 2019 LACORIS project 1 and internal reports
Prospective approach To determine COVID-19 progression over a one-year period from the beginning of the project by SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in individuals expressing an influenza-like illness
For this intra-familial and intra-community transmission rate and context will be evaluated by SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in contacts of COVID-19 positive cases detected during the prospective phase of the project
To assess past SARS-CoV-2 circulation by screening specific antibodies from saliva swabs in a randomized group of the cohort study
In animals
- To investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission to pets and domestic animals by RNA detection in animals living with or near positive cases detected during the prospective phase of the project
4 STUDY SITES AND POPULATION
The study will cover 1092 households including 5400 study participants living in 25 villages within the administrative boundaries of the Vientiane metropolitan area A household was defined as a group of individuals living on the same plot of land one or more houses or in the same building apartment and sharing their meals All study co-investigators will be trained before the beginning and during the study on the specific aspects of the study
5 RESEARCH FLOWCHART
51 Flowchart of the participant with ILI symptoms
All family members more than 6 months living with SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals will have non-invasive exam for SARS-CoV-2 detection nasal throat swab saliva and a questionnaire
Participation in the study
Information All participants will be handed a written information form to participate in the research This form will provide information on the scope and intent of the study as well as the obligations of the study investigators and expectations from cohort members
Collection of consent Before the beginning of the study an appointment with the investigative surveillance team at the household will be scheduled to explain the details of the project These details include taking respiratory swab samples in case of influenza-like disease for the patient and family members The team will hand in the information form and will collect the written consent form from each willing household member previously signed by three people Interviewer parent or guardian witnessfamily member
Cohort participation
The project study will extend over a year period and will begin as soon as the ethical clearance will be obtained Households will be selected from household registries and will be enrolled into the cohort via door-to-door sampling according to the database already set up at CILM A household is defined as a group of individuals living on the same plot of land one or more houses or in the same building apartment and sharing meals Over a year active case finding for influenza-like illness ILI will be conducted among the cohort through weekly phone calls N500 to each household by staff at CILM To increase the likelihood of pathogen identification study participants will be encouraged to self-report occurrence of symptoms to allow early collection of specimens As soon as a case meets the ILI-WHO criteria a free of charge visit will be organised on the same day by the field-trained healthcare staff the investigative surveillance team to interview and verify the disease eligibility criteria to complete a disease investigation questionnaire where details about the symptomatology will be collected
Diagnosis results and ILI Follow-up
The results of COVID 19 analysis positive or negative will be transmitted to the NCLE National Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology
If the result is COVID19 positive the NCLE will send it to the National Taskforce Committee for prevention control and response COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 positive patient will be taken care by this national Committee and followed up according to the official procedures
According to the Committee recommendations all family members living with the COVID-19 patient will be sampled in order to look for asymptomatic infections In all other cases detection of another respiratory virus or negative results the result will be returned on site in written form directly to the participant adult or children between 12 and 18 years old or to the parent or the guardian children under 12 years old or adult with psychiatric disorders by the interviewer The participants will be referred to medical doctors or to the local healthcare structures to be treated There are four general hospitals in Vientiane and several local healthcare structures in each of the 25 villages included in our study When a patient will develop ILI the doctor in our team will advise him on any treatment to be taken on the preventive measures to be taken to avoid contamination of other members of his family and will direct him to the closest healthcare structure Except in exceptional cases no logistical transport or medical support is recommended in the project
Patients or their family will be attended 60 days later to determine the overall health status including hospitalisation or death
52 End of research
At the end of the study a final report will be communicated to each household and the results will be explained by the interviewer
Each week the head of the household will be contacted by phone to ask if one member of his family has developed signs of illness If there is no news from a participant for 3 consecutive weeks an investigator will go on site to conduct more precise investigations
53 Questionnaires
Overall the study includes two kind of questionnaires
A household enrolment questionnaire including sociodemographic details Census questions asked upon enrollment to build a database of participating villages for purposes of weekly home visits disease investigation and follow-up investigation This questionnaire will be filled in by the interviewer for each household at the time of the enrolment when the information form will be handed in and the signature of the informed consent will be obtained
A disease investigation questionnaire including details of the ILI disease Questions asked will provide information on the person reporting with illness and include basic clinical observations and other information relevant to understanding the source of the illness This questionnaire will be filled in by the interviewer at the time of the sample collection
Specimens to be collected using standard protocols include
Upper Respiratory swabs saliva throat and nasal swabs samples will be collected on transport medium according to the recommendations of the National Taskforce Committee for prevention control and response COVID-19 pandemic Each sample will be collected by trained field staff using sterile Nylon swabs with plastic shafts and inserted in the sterile cryovial containing universal transport media UTM
The samples will be placed and transported in refrigerated coolers to CILM for testing
The patient identification number see below will be linked by a relational database and pre-printed labels placed on the questionnaire and on any specimen collected
Specific qPCR for SARS-CoV2 targeting RdRp N and E genes as well as Pan-coronavirus targeting RdRp will be performed on RNA extracted from retrospective and prospective nasal swabs throat swabs and sputum specimens The analyses will be performed at CILM Vientiane Laos Each positive sample will be sequenced and compared to reference sequences
Specific IgG testing will be performed by luminex and ELISA technologies from saliva swabs
After testing the samples will be stored at -80C at CILM until further analysis upon request for at least 15 years The samples could be destroyed after at least 15 years upon request from the authorities of Lao PDR and the staff manager of CILM
Upon request from the coordinating investigators of the study Phimpha Paboriboune and Eric Leroy and agreement of the scientific committee genetic materials from positive samples will be sent to MIVEGEC UMR IRD 224-CNRS 5290-Université de Montpellier - IRD 911 avenue Agropolis 34394 Montpellier France for further analyses that cannot be performed at CILM or for whole genome sequencing
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None