Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 2:59 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 1:40 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT04481945
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2022-01-27
First Post:
2019-06-25
Brief Title:
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Adaptability of Bioceramic Sealer Containing Nanoparticles
Sponsor:
Misr International University
Organization:
Misr International University
Study Overview
Official Title:
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Adaptability to Root Canal Dentin of Bioceramic Sealer Containing Nanoparticles In-vitro Study
Status:
COMPLETED
Status Verified Date:
2022-01
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Successful endodontic treatment depends primarily on the elimination of infecting microorganisms This is done by chemo-mechanical preparation of root canals which is not enough and microorganisms might still survive Thus from the main requirements of sealers is to have antibacterial properties and adaptability Those requirements are needed to kill persisting bacteria after obturation and provide effective seal Therefore nanosilver and chitosan inserted to BC sealer and so the antibacterial activity will be assessed on E faecalis using direct contact test after the setting of the sealer and the results will be reported using percentage reduction of the colony forming units Besides adaptability will be assessed using scanning electron microscope
Detailed Description:
The main purpose of endodontic therapy is to clean and shape the root canals This is done by means of instruments and chemical irrigants in order to effectively control the pulpal and periapical infection That chemomechanical preparation aims to reduce the microorganisms count but cannot completely eliminate it This is mainly due to i anatomical complexity and access limitations ii incompetent chemomechanical preparations leaving surfaces untouched iii ineffectual irrigation Besides despite an accurate chemomechanical preparation infection may persist in 20-33 of cases even if intracanal medicament is used
Treatment failure may also occur due to microleakage which occurs due to interfacial gaps between the gutta-percha and the sealer the sealer and the dentin or through voids within the sealer Fifty eight percent of treatment failures happen due to incomplete obturation and thats why hermetic seal is the main factor associated with the success of root canal treatment Therefore disinfection gap-free three dimensional obturation are the main requisites for treatment standards in endodontics
Another reason for treatment failure is presence of persisting bacteria Enterococcus faecalis is a resistant bacterium commonly retrieved from obturated root canals with post treatment disease apical periodontitis This pathogen is believed to be highly virulent it can invade dentinal tubules adhere overcome environmental challenges and form biofilm Besides it can resist intracanal disinfectants and medicaments Therefore the best approach to resolve this is by using a sealer with broad spectrum antibacterial action
Ideal root-canal sealer should be able to kill microorganisms on direct contact on the dentinal walls and those present deep inside the dentinal root canals That means that it should be able to diffuse inside the dentinal tubules to entomb and kill surviving bacteria Besides it should be capable of perfectly sealing the prepared canal to block any space and nutrients needed for bacterial growth Finally endodontic sealers that retain flowability and antimicrobial properties may help eliminate microorganisms in the root canal system
Dspite the fact that most sealers have antibacterial constituents their antibacterial activity is eventually lost after setting Besides even if it doesnt these constituents have to be liberated from the set sealer matrix to fulfill their function Then again their release would be accompanied by disintegration of the sealer interfacial gaps and later on bacterial recolonization
Moreoverthe current root filling materials arent enough for reaching a complete gap-free obturation That would be due to the dimensional changes and lack of adhesion between Gutta percha and dentin And that is why endodontic sealers are used Thus the adaptability of the sealer to the dentin is the main factor influencing microleakage and reinfection
Nanotechnology is the science of producing materials in nano-dimensions by re-location and re-arrangement of atoms to prepare materials with better properties It is considered a great advancement in the field of medicine It can be beneficial in producing material with superior properties by enhancing surface to volume ratio Besides having antibacterial nanoparticles are shown to have better antibacterial action than their powder counterparts That would be due to their higher surface area and charge density which favor their interaction with the negatively charged bacterial surface
Resistance in pathogens is a major challenge in field like biomedicine Chemical antimicrobial agents depend on binding to specific receptor for their antimicrobial action which by time lead to multidrug resistance On the other hand antibacterial nanoparticles such as nanosilver interact with multiple targets in the bacterial cell Therefore providing the bacteria with the least chance of gaining resistance
The mechanism of action of silver ions Silver ions are highly reactive They start by binding to proteins on the bacterial cell leading to structural changes which leads to cell distortion and death Silver ions also can inhibit the bacterial replication by binding and denaturing its DNA Moreover they can react with thiol group of proteins followed by DNA condensation resulting in the cell death
Although silver nanoparticles potential disadvantage is its toxicity towards mammalian cells A number of studies proved that silver is safe as long as its used in small concentrations A study assessed the tissue response of silver nanoparticles dispersion embedded in fibrin sponge and implanted in polyethylene tubes They concluded that silver nanoparticles dispersion was biocompatible at low concentrations Another study stated that silver nanoparticles at low concentrations are effective against microorganisms without any toxic effect on eukaryotic cells
Furthermore there is a natural cationic biopolymer which can overcome the silver nanoparticles shortcomings and still provide an antibacterial efficacy Chitosan CS is usually obtained by the alkaline deacetylation of chitin which is the main component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans CS has an excellent antibacterial antiviral and antifungal properties as an antibacterial it works better on gram negative than gram positive Besides the addition of CS nanoparticles into zinc-oxide eugenol sealer in a membrane restricted assay They proved that CS improved the antibacterial property suggesting that it can diffuse and penetrate dentinal tubules and anatomical complexities
The mechanism of action of CS and stated that its contact-mediated killing It starts by electrostatic attraction of positively charged CS with negatively charged bacterial cell membrane That is followed by altered cell permeability resulting in rupture of cells and leakage of the intracellular components
Finally as reflected earlier successful endodontic treatment depend on disinfecting the canals and providing a hermetic seal Thats why this studys target is to assess the antibacterial efficacy and adaptability of bioceramic sealer when incorporated with nanosilver and chitosan respectively
Treatment failure may also occur due to microleakage which occurs due to interfacial gaps between the gutta-percha and the sealer the sealer and the dentin or through voids within the sealer Fifty eight percent of treatment failures happen due to incomplete obturation and thats why hermetic seal is the main factor associated with the success of root canal treatment Therefore disinfection gap-free three dimensional obturation are the main requisites for treatment standards in endodontics
Another reason for treatment failure is presence of persisting bacteria Enterococcus faecalis is a resistant bacterium commonly retrieved from obturated root canals with post treatment disease apical periodontitis This pathogen is believed to be highly virulent it can invade dentinal tubules adhere overcome environmental challenges and form biofilm Besides it can resist intracanal disinfectants and medicaments Therefore the best approach to resolve this is by using a sealer with broad spectrum antibacterial action
Ideal root-canal sealer should be able to kill microorganisms on direct contact on the dentinal walls and those present deep inside the dentinal root canals That means that it should be able to diffuse inside the dentinal tubules to entomb and kill surviving bacteria Besides it should be capable of perfectly sealing the prepared canal to block any space and nutrients needed for bacterial growth Finally endodontic sealers that retain flowability and antimicrobial properties may help eliminate microorganisms in the root canal system
Dspite the fact that most sealers have antibacterial constituents their antibacterial activity is eventually lost after setting Besides even if it doesnt these constituents have to be liberated from the set sealer matrix to fulfill their function Then again their release would be accompanied by disintegration of the sealer interfacial gaps and later on bacterial recolonization
Moreoverthe current root filling materials arent enough for reaching a complete gap-free obturation That would be due to the dimensional changes and lack of adhesion between Gutta percha and dentin And that is why endodontic sealers are used Thus the adaptability of the sealer to the dentin is the main factor influencing microleakage and reinfection
Nanotechnology is the science of producing materials in nano-dimensions by re-location and re-arrangement of atoms to prepare materials with better properties It is considered a great advancement in the field of medicine It can be beneficial in producing material with superior properties by enhancing surface to volume ratio Besides having antibacterial nanoparticles are shown to have better antibacterial action than their powder counterparts That would be due to their higher surface area and charge density which favor their interaction with the negatively charged bacterial surface
Resistance in pathogens is a major challenge in field like biomedicine Chemical antimicrobial agents depend on binding to specific receptor for their antimicrobial action which by time lead to multidrug resistance On the other hand antibacterial nanoparticles such as nanosilver interact with multiple targets in the bacterial cell Therefore providing the bacteria with the least chance of gaining resistance
The mechanism of action of silver ions Silver ions are highly reactive They start by binding to proteins on the bacterial cell leading to structural changes which leads to cell distortion and death Silver ions also can inhibit the bacterial replication by binding and denaturing its DNA Moreover they can react with thiol group of proteins followed by DNA condensation resulting in the cell death
Although silver nanoparticles potential disadvantage is its toxicity towards mammalian cells A number of studies proved that silver is safe as long as its used in small concentrations A study assessed the tissue response of silver nanoparticles dispersion embedded in fibrin sponge and implanted in polyethylene tubes They concluded that silver nanoparticles dispersion was biocompatible at low concentrations Another study stated that silver nanoparticles at low concentrations are effective against microorganisms without any toxic effect on eukaryotic cells
Furthermore there is a natural cationic biopolymer which can overcome the silver nanoparticles shortcomings and still provide an antibacterial efficacy Chitosan CS is usually obtained by the alkaline deacetylation of chitin which is the main component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans CS has an excellent antibacterial antiviral and antifungal properties as an antibacterial it works better on gram negative than gram positive Besides the addition of CS nanoparticles into zinc-oxide eugenol sealer in a membrane restricted assay They proved that CS improved the antibacterial property suggesting that it can diffuse and penetrate dentinal tubules and anatomical complexities
The mechanism of action of CS and stated that its contact-mediated killing It starts by electrostatic attraction of positively charged CS with negatively charged bacterial cell membrane That is followed by altered cell permeability resulting in rupture of cells and leakage of the intracellular components
Finally as reflected earlier successful endodontic treatment depend on disinfecting the canals and providing a hermetic seal Thats why this studys target is to assess the antibacterial efficacy and adaptability of bioceramic sealer when incorporated with nanosilver and chitosan respectively
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
True
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
True
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None