Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 12:44 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 1:03 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT03833986
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2020-03-31
First Post:
2019-02-03
Brief Title:
The Effect of a Stress Management Program on Occupational Stress and Coping Strategies Among Nurses
Sponsor:
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Organization:
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Study Overview
Official Title:
Effectiveness of Stress Management Program on Occupational Stress Among Public Health Centers Nurses in Jordan
Status:
COMPLETED
Status Verified Date:
2020-03
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
The present study is designed to focus on examining the effectiveness of the stress management program on occupational stress and coping strategies among public health centers nurses in Jordan
the Specific Objectives that will guide this study are as follow
1 To assess the level of occupational stress among Jordanian public health nurses who work in comprehensive health care centers
2 To find out the association between nurses occupational stress scores and their selected demographic variables
3 To identify the sources of occupational stress encountered among public health centers nurses in the work setting
4 To identify the types of coping strategies utilized by Jordanian nurses working in comprehensive health care centers
5 To evaluate the effectiveness of stress management program on occupational stress mean score among experimental and control groups at baseline post-test and at two months follow-up assessment
6 To evaluate the effectiveness of stress management program on coping strategies mean score among experimental and control groups at baseline post-test and at two months follow-up assessment
This experimental study will examine differential changes in two dependent variables occupational stress and coping strategies of public health nurses after participation in experiment Experimental Group will participate in a stress management program and control group will not receive any intervention The null hypotheses that guide this study are
1 Null hypothesis H0_1 There is no significant difference in occupational stress mean score between experimental and control groups at baseline post-intervention and at two months follow-up assessment µ1 µ2
2 Null hypothesis H0_2 There is no significant difference in coping strategies mean score between experimental and control groups at baseline post-intervention and at two months follow-up assessment µ1 µ2
the Specific Objectives that will guide this study are as follow
1 To assess the level of occupational stress among Jordanian public health nurses who work in comprehensive health care centers
2 To find out the association between nurses occupational stress scores and their selected demographic variables
3 To identify the sources of occupational stress encountered among public health centers nurses in the work setting
4 To identify the types of coping strategies utilized by Jordanian nurses working in comprehensive health care centers
5 To evaluate the effectiveness of stress management program on occupational stress mean score among experimental and control groups at baseline post-test and at two months follow-up assessment
6 To evaluate the effectiveness of stress management program on coping strategies mean score among experimental and control groups at baseline post-test and at two months follow-up assessment
This experimental study will examine differential changes in two dependent variables occupational stress and coping strategies of public health nurses after participation in experiment Experimental Group will participate in a stress management program and control group will not receive any intervention The null hypotheses that guide this study are
1 Null hypothesis H0_1 There is no significant difference in occupational stress mean score between experimental and control groups at baseline post-intervention and at two months follow-up assessment µ1 µ2
2 Null hypothesis H0_2 There is no significant difference in coping strategies mean score between experimental and control groups at baseline post-intervention and at two months follow-up assessment µ1 µ2
Detailed Description:
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management program on occupational stress and coping strategies among Jordanian public health centers nurses
Methodology
1 Study Location
This study will be carried out in eight comprehensive public health centers in Amman city Jordan
2 Study Design
Single-blind a cluster randomized controlled trial design RCT with two conditions experimental versus control group and three time points for this study baseline test T0 a post-test immediately after the second day of intervention T1 and follow-up at two months post-intervention T2
3 Study Population Target population
All Jordanian public health centers nurses accessible population public health nurses who are working in comprehensive health care centers in Amman
4 Sampling Frame
Sampling will be done in three stages Stage 1 List of comprehensive centers in Amman city served as the sampling frame in the first step N8 and the centers selected served as the sampling frame for the second stage
Stage 2 Eight centers will be assigned randomly 4 centers will be assigned to each group experimental and control groups
Stage 3 List of all nurses who are eligible in light of the criteria in each selected centers experimental and control groups simple randomization will be applied to select nurses from the list
5 Sample Size Estimation
The following is sample size calculation formula
n Z1-α 2 Z1-β ² 2σ² μ1-μ2 ² Design effect 1-P n-1 n 79 per group n 792 158 With consideration an estimated 20 drop out of the subjects during the study the final sample size calculation 190 with 95 subjects in each experimental and control groups
6 Sampling Method
Two-stage random sampling technique will be used in the current study Initially the eight centers will assign a sequential number starting from 1 to 8 then each four centers will be allocated randomly using SPSS generator random sample to experimental and control group lastly a List of all participants per each center experimental control the eligible nurses will be randomly selected by using simple random selection of participants using a generator from SPSS to provide relative equality of the groups in terms of gender age years of experience and level of education
7 Measuring Instrument
The self-reporting questionnaire contain of 4 parts coding book demographic data Nursing Stress Scale NSS Questionnaire and Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced COPE Scale
8 Data Collection Procedure
Immediately after the last session of the intervention the participants will be asked to complete the post-test questionnaires which is the same Demographic NSS and COPE questionnaires use at baseline assessment Follow-up assessment will be done at two months post the intervention Study data collection will start from 1 March 2019 to 31 June 2019 Directors of all select centers will be informed through written an introductory letter by the researcher to the director of each center Then the researcher request from each director of the select center to inform all nurses who meet eligibility criteria to attend a briefing session A participant who agrees to participate in this study will be given a packet that includes Code book structured demographics information form NSS COPE questionnaires and the contact card in the Arabic language Each questionnaire packet will be assigned a code number 3-digit code for data analysis purpose and confidentiality ie Code I-A-1 means intervention group center code A and participant No 1 Also each participant will be given 15-30 minutes to complete the questionnaires and return to the researcher on the same day the researcher will be revised if there any incomplete answers with the nurses and will be asked to complete them At baseline using demographic data form NSS and COPE questionnaires for all participants at the initial meeting as well as NSS and COPE questionnaires immediately after the last session of intervention Also follow-up the study will be assessed at two months post-intervention using NSS and COPE questionnaires
9 Attrition prevention techniques
1 Accurate contact information of each participant will be kept separately from the questionnaire in coding book participants name phone number and E-mail address
2 Participants will be reminded regularly via phones or email to fill out the questionnaire and to attend stress management program sessions whenever they have time to do so
3 the researchers contact information will be disclosed to each participant via card to enable participants to ask any question regarding the study during the collection period of data
10 stress management program Stress Program Materials a stress management program is adapted and developed with reference to effectiveness of the existing stress management program for nurses Also the program is designed according to the theory of stress and coping and rational emotive behavior theory The contents of the program will deliver through the use interactive learning methods which are enjoyable fun and engaging
11 Implementation of Educational Program The stress program will be delivered to experimental group in a six-sessions for two weeks each session will take 2 hours 2 hourssix sessions two weeks the day and time of stress management workshop will be arranged with nursing manager of comprehensive health care center depending on staff availability and venue for sessions but the workshop will be in a warm quite room with efficient light temperature and ventilation There is no intervention for controlled group during workshop but they are put on a waiting-list to receive the intervention after the active treatment group does The intervention group will receive handouts copies of the stress management program for each session at the end of the study A certificate of appreciation will be given to participants in both groups after completing the study Nurses stress management program will be an experiential teaching program consisting of six sessions of stress management strategies for public health centers nurses Sessions will be as follows Session one overview of stress definition causes effects of social and occupational life stress management styles and techniques Session two relaxation technique training deep breathing exercise and progressive relaxation techniques Session three cognitive restructuring which include positive self-talk and problem solving techniques Session four humor therapy this session will be focusing on practicing humor through several ways laughter videos laughter meditation sharing of personal anecdotes and jokes sharing of happiness thoughts Session five time management and Session six assertiveness training The validity content of those sessions will be approved from three lecturers in of the faculty medicine and health sciences -UPM and three lecturers who are specialized in mental and psychiatric health nursing teaching in two Jordanian universities Pilot study will be conducted on a sample of 5 Jordanian public health nurses with high levels of occupational stress who will not be involved in the current study to check about the face validity of stress program
12 Evaluation of Educational Program Immediately after the last session of the intervention the participants will ask to complete the post-test questionnaires which is the same NSS and COPE questionnaires use at baseline assessment Follow-up assessment will be done at two months post the intervention12
13 Planning for Data Analysis Both descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to answer the research questions of this study The computer program The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 22 will be used to describe variables of the study Demographic data Occupational stress and coping strategies Exploratory data analysis EDA will be carried out to determine the normality of data Normality will be checked using Skewness and Kurtosis as well as Smirnov-Kolmogrov tests Equality of variances will be checked for all variables using Levines test Categorical variables will be analyzed for frequencies and percentages while Continuous variables will be described using the central tendency measures means and medians the dispersion measures standard deviation and interpercentile measures P25 P50 and P75 Descriptive analysis of mean median SD frequencies percentages and range will be used to describe the socio-demographic variables among Jordanian public health nurses Independent-t test will be used to compare the studys variables at baseline between two groupsin addition paired-sample t test and repeated-measures analysis of variance ANOVA will be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on the main outcome measures over time both within and between study groups after assessing the basic assumptions of the parametric tests linearity independence homoscedasticity and normality The level of significance will be set at p005 and the power will be set at 80 e for statistical tests analysis Perceived stress and coping strategies need to be statistically significant for the null hypotheses to be rejected
14 Ethical Consideration The study will be approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University Putra Malaysia The study will be obtained approval from Human Research Ethics Committee Jordanian Ministry of health Information sheet and informed consent will be given to participants Participants will be informed that their participation is voluntary confidentiality for participants will be assured through coded numerically of the questionnaires
Methodology
1 Study Location
This study will be carried out in eight comprehensive public health centers in Amman city Jordan
2 Study Design
Single-blind a cluster randomized controlled trial design RCT with two conditions experimental versus control group and three time points for this study baseline test T0 a post-test immediately after the second day of intervention T1 and follow-up at two months post-intervention T2
3 Study Population Target population
All Jordanian public health centers nurses accessible population public health nurses who are working in comprehensive health care centers in Amman
4 Sampling Frame
Sampling will be done in three stages Stage 1 List of comprehensive centers in Amman city served as the sampling frame in the first step N8 and the centers selected served as the sampling frame for the second stage
Stage 2 Eight centers will be assigned randomly 4 centers will be assigned to each group experimental and control groups
Stage 3 List of all nurses who are eligible in light of the criteria in each selected centers experimental and control groups simple randomization will be applied to select nurses from the list
5 Sample Size Estimation
The following is sample size calculation formula
n Z1-α 2 Z1-β ² 2σ² μ1-μ2 ² Design effect 1-P n-1 n 79 per group n 792 158 With consideration an estimated 20 drop out of the subjects during the study the final sample size calculation 190 with 95 subjects in each experimental and control groups
6 Sampling Method
Two-stage random sampling technique will be used in the current study Initially the eight centers will assign a sequential number starting from 1 to 8 then each four centers will be allocated randomly using SPSS generator random sample to experimental and control group lastly a List of all participants per each center experimental control the eligible nurses will be randomly selected by using simple random selection of participants using a generator from SPSS to provide relative equality of the groups in terms of gender age years of experience and level of education
7 Measuring Instrument
The self-reporting questionnaire contain of 4 parts coding book demographic data Nursing Stress Scale NSS Questionnaire and Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced COPE Scale
8 Data Collection Procedure
Immediately after the last session of the intervention the participants will be asked to complete the post-test questionnaires which is the same Demographic NSS and COPE questionnaires use at baseline assessment Follow-up assessment will be done at two months post the intervention Study data collection will start from 1 March 2019 to 31 June 2019 Directors of all select centers will be informed through written an introductory letter by the researcher to the director of each center Then the researcher request from each director of the select center to inform all nurses who meet eligibility criteria to attend a briefing session A participant who agrees to participate in this study will be given a packet that includes Code book structured demographics information form NSS COPE questionnaires and the contact card in the Arabic language Each questionnaire packet will be assigned a code number 3-digit code for data analysis purpose and confidentiality ie Code I-A-1 means intervention group center code A and participant No 1 Also each participant will be given 15-30 minutes to complete the questionnaires and return to the researcher on the same day the researcher will be revised if there any incomplete answers with the nurses and will be asked to complete them At baseline using demographic data form NSS and COPE questionnaires for all participants at the initial meeting as well as NSS and COPE questionnaires immediately after the last session of intervention Also follow-up the study will be assessed at two months post-intervention using NSS and COPE questionnaires
9 Attrition prevention techniques
1 Accurate contact information of each participant will be kept separately from the questionnaire in coding book participants name phone number and E-mail address
2 Participants will be reminded regularly via phones or email to fill out the questionnaire and to attend stress management program sessions whenever they have time to do so
3 the researchers contact information will be disclosed to each participant via card to enable participants to ask any question regarding the study during the collection period of data
10 stress management program Stress Program Materials a stress management program is adapted and developed with reference to effectiveness of the existing stress management program for nurses Also the program is designed according to the theory of stress and coping and rational emotive behavior theory The contents of the program will deliver through the use interactive learning methods which are enjoyable fun and engaging
11 Implementation of Educational Program The stress program will be delivered to experimental group in a six-sessions for two weeks each session will take 2 hours 2 hourssix sessions two weeks the day and time of stress management workshop will be arranged with nursing manager of comprehensive health care center depending on staff availability and venue for sessions but the workshop will be in a warm quite room with efficient light temperature and ventilation There is no intervention for controlled group during workshop but they are put on a waiting-list to receive the intervention after the active treatment group does The intervention group will receive handouts copies of the stress management program for each session at the end of the study A certificate of appreciation will be given to participants in both groups after completing the study Nurses stress management program will be an experiential teaching program consisting of six sessions of stress management strategies for public health centers nurses Sessions will be as follows Session one overview of stress definition causes effects of social and occupational life stress management styles and techniques Session two relaxation technique training deep breathing exercise and progressive relaxation techniques Session three cognitive restructuring which include positive self-talk and problem solving techniques Session four humor therapy this session will be focusing on practicing humor through several ways laughter videos laughter meditation sharing of personal anecdotes and jokes sharing of happiness thoughts Session five time management and Session six assertiveness training The validity content of those sessions will be approved from three lecturers in of the faculty medicine and health sciences -UPM and three lecturers who are specialized in mental and psychiatric health nursing teaching in two Jordanian universities Pilot study will be conducted on a sample of 5 Jordanian public health nurses with high levels of occupational stress who will not be involved in the current study to check about the face validity of stress program
12 Evaluation of Educational Program Immediately after the last session of the intervention the participants will ask to complete the post-test questionnaires which is the same NSS and COPE questionnaires use at baseline assessment Follow-up assessment will be done at two months post the intervention12
13 Planning for Data Analysis Both descriptive and inferential statistics will be used to answer the research questions of this study The computer program The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS 22 will be used to describe variables of the study Demographic data Occupational stress and coping strategies Exploratory data analysis EDA will be carried out to determine the normality of data Normality will be checked using Skewness and Kurtosis as well as Smirnov-Kolmogrov tests Equality of variances will be checked for all variables using Levines test Categorical variables will be analyzed for frequencies and percentages while Continuous variables will be described using the central tendency measures means and medians the dispersion measures standard deviation and interpercentile measures P25 P50 and P75 Descriptive analysis of mean median SD frequencies percentages and range will be used to describe the socio-demographic variables among Jordanian public health nurses Independent-t test will be used to compare the studys variables at baseline between two groupsin addition paired-sample t test and repeated-measures analysis of variance ANOVA will be used to assess the effectiveness of the intervention on the main outcome measures over time both within and between study groups after assessing the basic assumptions of the parametric tests linearity independence homoscedasticity and normality The level of significance will be set at p005 and the power will be set at 80 e for statistical tests analysis Perceived stress and coping strategies need to be statistically significant for the null hypotheses to be rejected
14 Ethical Consideration The study will be approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University Putra Malaysia The study will be obtained approval from Human Research Ethics Committee Jordanian Ministry of health Information sheet and informed consent will be given to participants Participants will be informed that their participation is voluntary confidentiality for participants will be assured through coded numerically of the questionnaires
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
False
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None