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Detailed Description:
1. cisplatin plus gemcitabine regimen; Cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which is widely used in clinical oncology, is the cornerstone of many cancer treatments. Among them, it is extremely critical and important for germ cell tumors, especially testicular cancer, and for advanced urothelial cancer. In all treatment guidelines, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is used for advanced urothelial cancer. Cisplatin is also the most important drug in the treatment of testicular cancer, and it is an independent prognostic factor for the long-term survival of patients.
The rapid development of immunotherapy, especially PD1, has made PD1 enter the front line of cancer treatment. It has become a first-line treatment typically for advanced urothelial cancer.
"Advanced adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, extramammary PAGET's disease of the scrotum, advanced urachal carcinoma, and urinary sarcoma (after treatment with doxorubicin) are rare diseases for which standard treatment is lacking." However, PD1 is recommended by various guidelines due to its better safety.
So, in the era of rapid changes in new treatment modalities, that is, after PD1 has entered the standard of care, does cisplatin-based chemotherapy still have corresponding anti-tumor activity?
2. treatment status of advanced bladder urothelial carcinoma Advanced bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a highly fatal disease, and its treatment methods are diverse, but the effect is often limited by the metastatic site of the patient's tumor. In recent years, the rise of immunotherapy and ADC therapy has brought new hope to UC patients.
ADC drugs are a new direction in the field of urothelial cancer. A number of ADC drugs are available at home and abroad, including Enfortumab Vedotin (EV) 1, Sacituzumab Govitecan, and enfortumab vedotin. SG) and Disitamab Vedotin (RC48) have shown good efficacy in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma after conventional treatment failure, and have become the treatment recommendation of guidelines and routine choice in clinical practice at home and abroad. ADC drug therapy may induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), thereby producing a synergistic anti-tumor effect with immunotherapy and further improving the efficacy. RC48 plus toripalimab: RC48-C014, a phase 1b/II study evaluating the efficacy and safety of RC48 plus toripalimab in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer, was updated at this meeting. A total of 32 patients were enrolled in the study, of which 28% had liver metastases, 62.5% had HER2 IHC(2+/3+), 37.5% had HER2 IHC(0/1+), and 56% had CPS≥1. In 20 patients with at least two responses, the confirmed ORR was 75% (95% CI, 50.9 to 91.3), with a CR rate of 15% and a DCR rate of 95% (95% CI, 75.1 to 99.9).
However, with the rapid change of treatment mode, the combination of ADC and PD1 has been confirmed in the EV3023,4 study, and the efficacy is much better than that of the traditional platinum-based first-line chemotherapy. This finding has led to a shift in the treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoai5 to first-line combination therapy with PD1 and EV, regardless of FDA approval or guidelines such as the NCCN.
In this context, first-line PD1 plus ADC therapy has become a game-changing new paradigm. However, the treatment of these patients after progression is still under controversy, and there is no relevant clinical research results to guide clinical practice.
A substantial number of patients in China choose these treatment modalities either as a result of enrollment in these clinical trials or on their own. A significant number of patients received first-line treatment with PD1 and ADC. However, since the active ingredient of vedicitumumab is anti-microtubule MMAE. Does the initial use of the drug affect the efficacy of subsequent platinum therapy? However, the toxicity of MMAE was mainly neurotoxicity. Platinum also has some neurotoxicity. So the toxicity effect on subsequent platinum therapy? Based on this, we designed the efficacy and safety of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who had failed PD-1 and vedicitumumab treatment (arm 1). The efficacy of cisplatin plus gemcitabine was tested in individual rare cancers (arm II to arm IV).
2\. Objectives of the study To determine the efficacy and safety of cisplatin combined with gemcitabine in some patients with pelvic tumors after standard treatment and PD1 failure.