Viewing Study NCT03237975



Ignite Creation Date: 2024-05-06 @ 10:21 AM
Last Modification Date: 2024-10-26 @ 12:29 PM
Study NCT ID: NCT03237975
Status: UNKNOWN
Last Update Posted: 2017-08-03
First Post: 2017-07-24

Brief Title: BEYO Project to Promote Sense of Coherence and Self-care of Elderly People With Type 2 Diabetes
Sponsor: Chinese University of Hong Kong
Organization: Chinese University of Hong Kong

Study Overview

Official Title: A Strengths-based Intervention Based on Salutogenic Theory to Promote Sense of Coherence and Self-care of Elderly People With Type 2 Diabetes
Status: UNKNOWN
Status Verified Date: 2017-07
Last Known Status: ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Delayed Posting: No
If Stopped, Why?: Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access: False
If Expanded Access, NCT#: N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status: N/A
Acronym: BEYO
Brief Summary: 1 Objectives of the Project

The BEYO project is designed based on the middle range theory of self-care of chronic illness and salutogenic theory The aim of this project is to facilitate self-care behaviours of community-dwelling elderly patients with type 2 diabetes through promoting SOC and accordingly improve their health outcomes including promoting quality of life and reducing diabetes-related emotional distress
2 Content of the Project

BEYO is a group-based consultation project Each group contains 1 facilitator 1 assistant and 8 elderly patients 5 weekly sessions are provided to let patients receive health knowledge discuss problems and experiences explore available resources and build up goals and solutions Each session lasts for 40 minutes Session 1 aims to build social network among group members and introduce group goals and tasks Session 2-4 covers six topics based on the Chinese guideline for type 2 diabetes released by Chinese diabetes society i healthy dietary ii exercise and activity iii taking medication iv blood glucose monitoring v reducing risks for complication vi healthy coping with mental stress These middle sessions execute a common session flow to construct an action plan utilizing patients resources and strengths to achieve the client-centered goal Session 5 aims to review the process summarize effective solutions and set up plans for the future One-week one-month and three-month telephone follow-ups are delivered to help patients solve problems encountered during implementing the action plan and evaluate their self-care SOC and other health outcomes
Detailed Description: 1 Overall aims The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the effects of a strengths-based group intervention called Be the Expert for Your Own BEYO among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes to facilitate their SOC and self-care and accordingly improve their health outcomes
2 Study Design This study is designed to be a mixed method research incorporating both quantitative and qualitative components A two-arm randomized controlled trial RCT will be conducted to assess the effects of a strengths-based group intervention compared with routine health education on SOC and self-care of elderly people with type 2 diabetes The theoretical framework for BEYO program is based on salutogenic theory proposed by Antonovsky 1987 Qualitative study will be conducted at the end of the program to explore patients experience about BEYO and the mechanism through which BEYO can facilitate self-care in terms of what component and how

2 Be the Expert for Your Own BEYO program

1 Overview The BEYO protocol consists of 5 structured sessions among intervention facilitator and 8 type 2 diabetes patientsThe common flow for structured sessions contains 7 steps Rationale and aims for designing each step are described as follows

Step 1 - Health education As supported by the middle range theory and results from integrated review knowledge acquisition is essential among patients with chronic disease to perform reflective sufficient and reasoned self-care actions with a pattern This step aims to equip patients with basic knowledge and essential skills to manage their disease

Step 2 - Discuss self-care experience and identify deficit This step aims to collect basic information about clients experience of performing self-care in each specific area and identify major problems they encounter in this process This step facilitates information exchange and experience sharing among clients and provides reference for intervention facilitator about clients basic situation Besides giving enough opportunity to describe the problem makes it easier to redirect the conversation later if attendees restart talking about the problem

Step 3 - Describe exceptions One of the central beliefs for SFT is that there are always exceptions to problems There are always times and situations when the problem occurs less or when the client feels like successfully managing even a slight part of the problem After identifying self-care deficit clients are asked to describe these exceptional times in this step to help them find out skills resources and strengths at their disposal The close attention for exceptions improves clients sense of self-mastery and their ability to plan further steps

Step 4 - Identify the strengths On the basis of review and analysis for exceptions it is the right time to list out and summarize clients strengths revealed in these exceptions This step lays a foundation for establishing solutions later for that detected strengths can be amplified and repeated to ultimately dismantle the problem

Step 5 - Miracle question and scaling The miracle question is a common tool in SFT as a way to build clear client-centered and practical goals Scaling questions help to break the goal down into small manageable steps that can be carried out in the short term This step helps clients find out what they want to achieve through this program Setting the goal by themselves facilitates an empowering and optimistic experience for clients that promoting goal-focused thinking during the self-care process and highlighting their responsibility for the future actions

Step 6 - Establish the solution After exploring strengths and setting up the goal this step aims to link strengths and goals together to establish the solution As the basic principles for SFT is focusing on strengths rather than weakness resources rather than deficits the created solution is more concerned with achievement than with solving problems with hoping not just coping It helps clients move forward in their lives

Step 7 - Action plan As the final step a structured action plan is generated to transform the solution into arranged tasks The action plan guides the behaviors of the clients and tracks the progress of implementation
2 The role of facilitator Different with the traditional teacher-centered didactic model facilitators in BEYO program need to get out of the expert role and appreciate patients capabilities from the aspect of truly human beings Rather than being at the center of the group the facilitator is a supporter to assist patients to identify what they want to achieve to help them to think about strengths and resources during the group interactions to build up solutions for their own situations and to make plans to reach the goal step by step

To build a hope-inducing relationship between the facilitator and clients has been emphasized as the context for practice to enhance the effectiveness of strengths-based techniques Fischer 1978 The foundation for a hope-inducing relationship includes empathy genuineness and unconditional positive regard Maluccio 1979 To be empathy facilitators need to perceive and communicate feelings of attendees with sensitivity and think about the meaning of these feelings Genuineness means that facilitators should be themselves in the helping process rather than presenting a professional facade Unconditional positive regard asks facilitators to give positive feedback to every good change and to express the respect acceptance caring and concern for the client in a non-dominating way
3 Objectives for each session Session 1 aims to build social network among group members and make clients feel welcome Group goals and task will be introduced to gel the clients around the group

Session 2-4 execute a common session flow to finally construct an action plan to achieve the client-centered goal Themes for the total 3 sessions respectively cover the six areas as mentioned earlier Except session 2 all the other sessions will start with reinforcing the positive change happening since the last session

Session 5 aims to celebrate the achievement review the process summarize clients strengths and effective solutions and set up plans for the future
4 Acceptability and feasibility evaluation Researchers will record numbers and proportions for recruitment consent attendance and attrition rate Duration of sessions and intervention activities will be recorded using field notes The research team and the facilitator will discuss the delivery of the program and study progress every week

The focus-group interview will be conducted at the end of the study to explore patients experience and opinions about the content and process and barriers and enablers to compliance with the intervention

3 Subjects

31 Sampling and recruitment The group of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes living in Changsha a city in central China is selected as the study population Multi-stage random sampling will be used to recruit community-dwelling participants First two of the five municipal districts of Changsha City based on present administrative system will be randomly selected Second detailed information including names and numbers of community health service centers belong to each district can be achieved through government official websites Two community health service centers respectively belong to the two districts will be randomly selected Third based on national standards of public health services all the community-dwelling patients with type 2 diabetes should be recorded in the electronic medical system charged by the department of chronic disease management in the community health service center Random number table method will be used to select potential participants in each of the two communities using this electronic system No private information of type 2 diabetes patients will be retrieved except for their name mailing address and contact number

An information sheet will be sent as a letter from the research team to the potential participant followed by a telephone call two days later The phone call is mainly designed to i further make sure if the referrals meet the inclusion criteria such as age and time of diagnosis ii discuss the information sheet and obtain verbal informed consent for the project iii verbally deliver Abbreviated Mental Test AMT and the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities measure SDSCA to make sure the participants have intact cognitive function and experience at least some degree of self-care deficit for diabetes

32 Sample size calculation The significance level and the power are set at 5 and 80 respectively The primary outcome is self-care of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes However based on the result of literature review no previous studies used strengths-based intervention reported its effects on self-care Based on the result of a meta-analysis assessing effects of group-based diabetes self-management education compared to routine treatment Steinsbekk Rygg Lisulo Rise Fretheim 2012 the standardized mean difference for self-care skills was 055 Thus a sample size of 53 in each group is enough to detect the difference in the means of self-care between two groups Allowing for a dropout rate of 20 a total of 132 participants will be required

33 Randomization After obtaining the signed informed consent form and collecting the baseline data patients will be randomly allocated to the intervention or control group using a computerized permuted block randomization with concealment

4 Data Collection Data collection will be commenced after receiving written informed consent voluntarily signed by participants The baseline information T0 will be collected before the randomization After completing the intervention or control protocol a follow-up data collection T1 will be conducted immediately by a group of trained research assistants who are blinded to the participants group assignment and workshop attendance Repeated data collection T2 will take place at 3 months after the completion of the strength-based intervention by the same group of research assistants

5 Data Analysis Plan Invalid questionnaire questionnaire with obvious logic error or with more than 20 unanswered questions will be excluded before put into the database SPSS version 220 will be used to process data The level of statistical significance will be set at 005 Q-Q plot Skewness and Kurtosis will be used to examine the normality of continuous data Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the demographic characteristics health status and patient-centered outcomes The effectiveness of the intervention will be assessed based on the intention-to-treat ITT principle The generalized estimating equation GEE model will be used to estimate the intervention effect over time Hierarchical multiple regression analysis will be conducted to examine the mediating effect of sense of coherence

Study Oversight

Has Oversight DMC: None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?: False
Is a FDA Regulated Device?: False
Is an Unapproved Device?: None
Is a PPSD?: None
Is a US Export?: None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?: None