Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-05 @ 12:06 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 9:20 AM
Study NCT ID:
NCT00247091
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2005-11-01
First Post:
2005-10-28
Brief Title:
Impact of HIV on Measles and Measles Immunisation
Sponsor:
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Organization:
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Study Overview
Official Title:
Impact of HIV on Measles and Measles Immunisation
Status:
COMPLETED
Status Verified Date:
2005-10
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the immunogenicity of standard-titer measles vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected Zambian children The study hypothesis was that HIV-infected children would have higher rates of primary and secondary measles vaccine failure compared to uninfected children contributing to decreased levels of population immunity to measles and facilitating measles virus transmission in regions of high HIV prevalence
Detailed Description:
Despite great progress in measles control in sub-Saharan Africa measles remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in young children In regions of high HIV prevalence measles virus transmission may be sustained despite high immunization coverage rates if HIV-infected children are important transmitters of measles virus Factors potentially contributing to enhanced measles virus transmission by HIV-infected children include an early decline in protective maternal antibody titers resulting in susceptibility to measles at a younger age and high rates of primary and secondary measles vaccine failure To evaluate the potential impact of the HIV-1 epidemic on immunity following measles vaccination we conducted a longitudinal study to compare the primary vaccine failure rate and rate of antibody decline following administration of standard-titer measles vaccine at nine months of age to HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Zambian children Our results show that children born to HIV-infected women have lower levels of passively-acquired maternal antibodies to measles virus prior to the age of routine vaccination at 9 months and HIV-infected children are particularly susceptible to measles in infancy This finding supports the WHO recommendation to provide the first dose of measles vaccine to HIV-infected children at 6 months Furthermore HIV-infected children develop adequate primary antibody responses to measles vaccine in the months following vaccination but lose protective antibody titers by two to three years of age Mitigating the potential impact of this decreased immunogenicity on the level of population immunity to measles virus was the high mortality rate observed among HIV-infected children Improved access to antiretroviral therapy will likely improve the survival of HIV-infected children without enhancing protective immunity to measles virus although this has yet to be investigated We are working to incorporate our findings into a mathematical model to better understand the impact of the HIV-1 epidemic on measles control strategies and to investigate the immunologic mechanisms for impaired memory B cell responses in HIV-infected children
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
None
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None