Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-06 @ 9:00 AM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 12:08 PM
Study NCT ID:
NCT02879032
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2019-10-24
First Post:
2016-08-12
Brief Title:
A Comparative Study of Different Treadmill Scores to Diagnose Coronary Artery Disease
Sponsor:
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
Organization:
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Dhaka Bangladesh
Study Overview
Official Title:
A Comparative Study of Different Treadmill Scores to Diagnose Coronary Artery Disease Among Patients Attending Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
Status:
COMPLETED
Status Verified Date:
2019-10
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Exercise treadmill test ETT is frequently done inexpensive relatively safe investigation for diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and prediction of exercise capacity Ischemic heart disease is increasing by leaps and bounds all over the world even in the developing countries like Bangladesh The incidence rate of coronary artery disease CAD is not limited to male gender as previously seen As a cause of industrialization and increased life expectancy incidence of ischemic heart disease in females is escalating now in Bangladesh also Though ETT is a well accepted investigation to diagnose CAD it has a high false positive and false negative result if ST segment response alone is calculated for interpretation of the test Duke Treadmill Test and Simple Treadmill Test are valid and well known scores which can predict coronary artery disease burden more efficiently than ST segment response alone Computer generated Cleveland clinic score is another valid treadmill score which has a complex algorithm but effective way to predict 3 year and 5 year survivability These three scores are well tested on western population but to our best knowledge there is little or no information regarding their predictability of CAD in Bangladesh Its well known that ETT has a high false positive result in female population so applying the scores may render ETT more efficient and abrogate unwanted risk of undergoing coronary angiography to diagnose CAD in females In this study the investigator will try to find out the accuracy of commonly applied treadmill scores and ST segment response to diagnose CAD as well as accuracy of computer generated Cleveland Clinic Score will be tested Total 110 people including male and female will be included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and informed written consent will be taken The patients who have undergone ETT and coronary angiogram with in six months for confirmation and identification of coronary artery disease in accordance with the recommendation of ACC guideline for CAG will be selected All available data will be analyzed using SPSS The accuracy of different scores will be calculated and compared with each other According to currently available data from studies in western population the treadmill scores will have good predictability and will be efficient to abolish high false positive result in female population in Bangladesh
Detailed Description:
Introduction At present several treadmill scores have been proposed as means for improving the diagnostic accuracy of the exercise treadmill test ETT and to predict future risk of cardiac events Berman et al 1978 Do et al 1997 Although a large number of noninvasive stress testing modalities are currently available the exercise ECG is still used as a standard for comparison with other clinical and testing risk markers It is also the least costly of all provocative noninvasive tests The Duke Treadmill Score DTS traditionally a prognostic score was recently tested as a diagnostic score and shown to predict CAD better than the ST response aloneShaw et al 1998 But questions remain regarding the diagnostic accuracy of treadmill scores when applied to a different patient population furthermore many treadmill scores have not been compared with one another in the same populationFearon et al 2002To date no composite stress-test score or noninvasive risk index has been shown to provide both accurate diagnostic and prognostic risk estimates Despite that exercise treadmill test remains a useful test for diagnosing coronary artery disease CAD in patients with chest pain and at intermediate risk for CAD Do et al 1997The sensitivity and specificity of ETT varies considerably According to a meta-analysis conducted by Gianrossi et al there was a wide variability in sensitivity and specificity of ETT sensitivity 68 16 range 23-100 specificity 7717 range 17-100 Another Meta analysis showed sensitivity of 81 12 range 40-100 and specificity of 66 16 range 17-100 Myers et al 1994Fearon WF et al showed sensitivity and specificity was higher when treadmill scores were applied in comparison to ST response alone They used a consensus score consisting of the Morise Dentrano and VA score and found predictive accuracy of the consensus score for stratifying patients to low and high likelihood for CAD was significantly higher than the predictive accuracy of DTS 8074-86 versus 7165-77 p 00001 But Fearon WF et al conducted the study only on male population in USA and the consensus score was calculated by average of computer generated treadmill scores In 2012 Mao L et al have shown 73 out of 104 male patients were detected CAD both by ETT and CAG the accuracy rate was 702 which was much higher than that 500 of the female patients p005 and they only used ST changes alone to demonstrate ETT positivity In this study we will compare the diagnostic accuracy of well known prognostic scores namely Duke Treadmill Score Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to identify significant coronary artery lesion in Bangladeshi male and female patients
Rationale
Though exercise treadmill test has high false positive and negative ratesZang et al 2007 it is cheap easily available less time consuming to the interpret results and its accuracy can be increased by calculating STHR index treadmill score QT dispersion and so on Kronander 2010 Dentrano 1989 On the contrary the gold standard test coronary angiogram for detecting CAD is expensive time consuming potentially hazardous with many complications and often the CAG shows normal coronary arteries in female populationST-segment depression and chest pain as the classic criteria for CAD diagnosis are well known and accepted Besides If treadmill score were used the diagnostic accuracy of ETT would had been higher The accuracy of different treadmill scores in Bangladeshi population especially the female population is largely unknown Duke Treadmill Score and Simple Treadmill Score are well validated score in western population and are used for diagnostic prognostic interpretation of ETT The predictive accuracy of DTS to diagnose CAD is 71 Fearon 2002 In 2001 Raxwal V et al showed simple treadmill score has sensitivity of 88 and specificity of 96 If we calculate the accuracy of simple treadmill score using the formula Accuracy Sensitivity x Prevalence Specificity x 1- Prevalence it sums up nearly 93 according to prevalence of CAD in urban population Cleveland Clinic Score is a prognostic score of ETT It gives value from which we can predict the probability of 3 year or 5 year survival It was shown that it has a very high negative predictive value approaching 97 Besides to the best of our knowledge Cleveland Clinic Score was not tested as a diagnostic predictor of CAD and there are few studies regarding treadmill scores predictability in Bangladesh In our study we will use all of these three scores and compare their accuracy to predict significant CAD DTS Simplified Treadmill Score and Cleveland clinic score can be implemented effectively to identify patients with low probability of CAD and excluded from undergoing expensive and potentially hazardous CAG if the real scenario of the treadmill scores is known in our population
Research question
Howdo different treadmill scores Duke Treadmill Score Simple Treadmill Score Cleveland Clinic Score vary to predictability of Coronary Artery Disease in Bangladeshi population in a tertiary care hospital
General Objectives
To identify difference of predictability of DTS Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to diagnose significant CAD by Coronary Angiography
Specific Objectives
1 To estimate accuracy of ST segment response DTS Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to predict CAD
2 To compare DTS Simple treadmill score Cleveland Clinic Score accuracy to predict coronary artery disease
3 To identify the relation of different level of treadmill scores with severity of CAD
Study Area
University Cardiac Center Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU BSMMU is a renowned institute in Bangladesh with good indoor and outdoor facility It also has good inpatient and outpatient services for local and other patients coming from distant places There is a good mix of male and female patients also which is needed to test the study hypothesis Overall the patients coming in outdoor facility to get treatment represent the Bangladeshi population very well and uniformly
Sampling Procedures
Patient presented with stable chest pain who have undergone ETT according to Bruce protocol and admitted for CAG will be selected as case considering inclusion and exclusion criteria Detailed and thorough clinical assessment will be done and recorded All available previous medical documents will be checked meticulously Patients with previous revascularization left bundle-branch block paced rhythms or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome WPW on resting electrocardiogram ECG or valvular heart disease congenital heart disease will be excluded from the study To avoid falsely increasing the accuracy of the exercise treadmill test patients with a previous myocardial infarction by history or by diagnostic Q wave will be excluded
With history clinical findings and investigations cases other than stable chest pain will be excluded Informed written consent will be taken from the patient CAG report will be collected from the Cath lab after the procedure
Data collection
Data will be recorded in pre-designed questionnaires by history clinical examination and investigation with the patient of University Cardiac Center BSMMU
Quality assurance strategy
A set of questionnaire will be formulated checked To make the study credible reliable dependable data will be collected by principal investigator by using those questions over a month of period Again the questions will be edited accordingly necessarily after discussion with the guide and co-guide of this study
Ethical Issues At first ethical clearance will be taken from the ethical review committee of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU The study will be carried out according to 1964 Helsinki Declaration for Medical Research involving Human subjects and amended by the 64th World Medical Association General Assembly October 2013 No drugs or placebo will be used for this study Each participant will enjoy every right to participate or refuse participation They will be free to withdraw their participation at any stage of the study Data taken from the participants will be regarded as confidential Data will be used only for this scientific study Participants will be informed in detail about the nature and purpose of the study and informed written consent will be taken from each participant
Sample size calculation
Sample size is calculated by using the following equation One sample comparison of proportion
nZβp1-p Zαp11-P12p-p1² n required sample size p Proportion under alternative hypothesis that is proposed to be detected or worst possible outcome p1 Proportion under null hypothesis or proportion in the population Zα 196 5 level of significance Zβ 128 when power is 09 According to Fearon WF et al 2002 the predictive accuracy of DTS is 71 071
If we assume p1 071 P 055 Power 08 α 005 Sample size n
128551-55 196711-71255-71² 91
Correction for non-response
Nf100100- Nr If Nr Percentage of expected non-response is 10 Nf100100- 10 111 Final sample size will be estimated sample size n x Nf 91 x 111 102 So our required sample size is at least 102
StatisticalMethods Using angiographic evidence of CAD as the reference area under the curve AUC of receive operator characteristic ROC plots will be determined for the ST response alone and for each treadmill score The AUC for each treadmill score will be compared with the AUC of the ST response alone and the AUCs of the other treadmill scores The predictive accuracies of the DTS the Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to stratify patients into high or low likelihood for CAD will be calculated and compared Statistical analysis will be performed with the SPSS
Rationale
Though exercise treadmill test has high false positive and negative ratesZang et al 2007 it is cheap easily available less time consuming to the interpret results and its accuracy can be increased by calculating STHR index treadmill score QT dispersion and so on Kronander 2010 Dentrano 1989 On the contrary the gold standard test coronary angiogram for detecting CAD is expensive time consuming potentially hazardous with many complications and often the CAG shows normal coronary arteries in female populationST-segment depression and chest pain as the classic criteria for CAD diagnosis are well known and accepted Besides If treadmill score were used the diagnostic accuracy of ETT would had been higher The accuracy of different treadmill scores in Bangladeshi population especially the female population is largely unknown Duke Treadmill Score and Simple Treadmill Score are well validated score in western population and are used for diagnostic prognostic interpretation of ETT The predictive accuracy of DTS to diagnose CAD is 71 Fearon 2002 In 2001 Raxwal V et al showed simple treadmill score has sensitivity of 88 and specificity of 96 If we calculate the accuracy of simple treadmill score using the formula Accuracy Sensitivity x Prevalence Specificity x 1- Prevalence it sums up nearly 93 according to prevalence of CAD in urban population Cleveland Clinic Score is a prognostic score of ETT It gives value from which we can predict the probability of 3 year or 5 year survival It was shown that it has a very high negative predictive value approaching 97 Besides to the best of our knowledge Cleveland Clinic Score was not tested as a diagnostic predictor of CAD and there are few studies regarding treadmill scores predictability in Bangladesh In our study we will use all of these three scores and compare their accuracy to predict significant CAD DTS Simplified Treadmill Score and Cleveland clinic score can be implemented effectively to identify patients with low probability of CAD and excluded from undergoing expensive and potentially hazardous CAG if the real scenario of the treadmill scores is known in our population
Research question
Howdo different treadmill scores Duke Treadmill Score Simple Treadmill Score Cleveland Clinic Score vary to predictability of Coronary Artery Disease in Bangladeshi population in a tertiary care hospital
General Objectives
To identify difference of predictability of DTS Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to diagnose significant CAD by Coronary Angiography
Specific Objectives
1 To estimate accuracy of ST segment response DTS Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to predict CAD
2 To compare DTS Simple treadmill score Cleveland Clinic Score accuracy to predict coronary artery disease
3 To identify the relation of different level of treadmill scores with severity of CAD
Study Area
University Cardiac Center Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU BSMMU is a renowned institute in Bangladesh with good indoor and outdoor facility It also has good inpatient and outpatient services for local and other patients coming from distant places There is a good mix of male and female patients also which is needed to test the study hypothesis Overall the patients coming in outdoor facility to get treatment represent the Bangladeshi population very well and uniformly
Sampling Procedures
Patient presented with stable chest pain who have undergone ETT according to Bruce protocol and admitted for CAG will be selected as case considering inclusion and exclusion criteria Detailed and thorough clinical assessment will be done and recorded All available previous medical documents will be checked meticulously Patients with previous revascularization left bundle-branch block paced rhythms or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome WPW on resting electrocardiogram ECG or valvular heart disease congenital heart disease will be excluded from the study To avoid falsely increasing the accuracy of the exercise treadmill test patients with a previous myocardial infarction by history or by diagnostic Q wave will be excluded
With history clinical findings and investigations cases other than stable chest pain will be excluded Informed written consent will be taken from the patient CAG report will be collected from the Cath lab after the procedure
Data collection
Data will be recorded in pre-designed questionnaires by history clinical examination and investigation with the patient of University Cardiac Center BSMMU
Quality assurance strategy
A set of questionnaire will be formulated checked To make the study credible reliable dependable data will be collected by principal investigator by using those questions over a month of period Again the questions will be edited accordingly necessarily after discussion with the guide and co-guide of this study
Ethical Issues At first ethical clearance will be taken from the ethical review committee of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University BSMMU The study will be carried out according to 1964 Helsinki Declaration for Medical Research involving Human subjects and amended by the 64th World Medical Association General Assembly October 2013 No drugs or placebo will be used for this study Each participant will enjoy every right to participate or refuse participation They will be free to withdraw their participation at any stage of the study Data taken from the participants will be regarded as confidential Data will be used only for this scientific study Participants will be informed in detail about the nature and purpose of the study and informed written consent will be taken from each participant
Sample size calculation
Sample size is calculated by using the following equation One sample comparison of proportion
nZβp1-p Zαp11-P12p-p1² n required sample size p Proportion under alternative hypothesis that is proposed to be detected or worst possible outcome p1 Proportion under null hypothesis or proportion in the population Zα 196 5 level of significance Zβ 128 when power is 09 According to Fearon WF et al 2002 the predictive accuracy of DTS is 71 071
If we assume p1 071 P 055 Power 08 α 005 Sample size n
128551-55 196711-71255-71² 91
Correction for non-response
Nf100100- Nr If Nr Percentage of expected non-response is 10 Nf100100- 10 111 Final sample size will be estimated sample size n x Nf 91 x 111 102 So our required sample size is at least 102
StatisticalMethods Using angiographic evidence of CAD as the reference area under the curve AUC of receive operator characteristic ROC plots will be determined for the ST response alone and for each treadmill score The AUC for each treadmill score will be compared with the AUC of the ST response alone and the AUCs of the other treadmill scores The predictive accuracies of the DTS the Simple Treadmill Score and Cleveland Clinic Score to stratify patients into high or low likelihood for CAD will be calculated and compared Statistical analysis will be performed with the SPSS
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
None
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None