Ignite Creation Date:
2024-05-05 @ 11:37 PM
Last Modification Date:
2024-10-26 @ 10:37 AM
Study NCT ID:
NCT01378494
Status:
COMPLETED
Last Update Posted:
2016-06-02
First Post:
2011-06-16
Brief Title:
Bone Mineral Density in HIV Patients
Sponsor:
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Organization:
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Study Overview
Official Title:
Bone Mineral Density in HIV Patients Recently Started on Antiretroviral Therapy ART
Status:
COMPLETED
Status Verified Date:
2016-05
Last Known Status:
None
Delayed Posting:
No
If Stopped, Why?:
Not Stopped
Has Expanded Access:
False
If Expanded Access, NCT#:
N/A
Has Expanded Access, NCT# Status:
N/A
Acronym:
None
Brief Summary:
Utilizing an extremely well-characterized HIV cohort under observation as ART-naïve or since their first exposure to HIV treatment the investigators will conduct a cross-sectional study with prospectively collected data to determine BMD in 200 subjects Subjects identified were initially treatment naïve when entering the University of Alabama at Birmingham UAB 1917 HIV Clinic between 1999 and 2010 some have been under observation without being treated with ART therapy and others were newly started on ART therapy while under observation For each subject the investigators will determine associations between BMD and 1 cumulative viremia 2 ART duration and 3 ART type
Hypothesis 1a BMD will be lowest in HIV subjects with the highest levels of cumulative viremia
Hypothesis 1b BMD will be greatest in HIV persons with longest duration of ART therapy after excluding those subjects treated with tenofovir
Hypotheses 1c BMD will be lower in subjects treated with tenofovir vs other ART agents after controlling for duration of therapy
Additionally the investigators will conduct a retrospective study in 100 patients HIV and were ART-naïve at the time of entry into the 1917 Clinic in whom the investigators will longitudinally evaluate the relationship between HIV viral load inflammation and bone turnover through the measurement of HIV copy-years viremia interleukin-6 IL-6 tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-a high-sensitivity c-reactive protein hsCRP osteocalcin and urine C-telopeptide CTX The investigators will compare HIV patients at a similar stage of their disease who remain treatment naïve either due to concerns for compliance or sufficient CD4 counts without treatment ART- vs those newly started on ART ART
Hypothesis 2 Viral load markers of inflammation and markers of bone resorption will all decrease in ART vs ART- persons
Hypothesis 1a BMD will be lowest in HIV subjects with the highest levels of cumulative viremia
Hypothesis 1b BMD will be greatest in HIV persons with longest duration of ART therapy after excluding those subjects treated with tenofovir
Hypotheses 1c BMD will be lower in subjects treated with tenofovir vs other ART agents after controlling for duration of therapy
Additionally the investigators will conduct a retrospective study in 100 patients HIV and were ART-naïve at the time of entry into the 1917 Clinic in whom the investigators will longitudinally evaluate the relationship between HIV viral load inflammation and bone turnover through the measurement of HIV copy-years viremia interleukin-6 IL-6 tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-a high-sensitivity c-reactive protein hsCRP osteocalcin and urine C-telopeptide CTX The investigators will compare HIV patients at a similar stage of their disease who remain treatment naïve either due to concerns for compliance or sufficient CD4 counts without treatment ART- vs those newly started on ART ART
Hypothesis 2 Viral load markers of inflammation and markers of bone resorption will all decrease in ART vs ART- persons
Detailed Description:
The life expectancy of persons infected with HIV has improved greatly since the institution of combination antiretroviral therapy cART However many metabolic derangements have been discovered with long-term cART therapy including lipodystrophy insulin resistance and more recently abnormal bone metabolism It is well documented that bone mineral density BMD in HIV patients is lower when compared with the expected BMD in non-HIV patients 1-10 The underlying cause of lower BMD is unknown but it is felt to be a multifactorial process 10-14 Current guidelines recommend first line treatments consist of a combination of protease inhibitor PI or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NNRTI in combination with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors NRTIs Despite the known change in BMD in HIV persons less is known about the effect of antiretroviral ART exposure and duration of treatment ART type and cumulative HIV viremia on bone health This is demonstrated by studies showing loss of BMD with use of protease inhibitors compared to other regimen 15 other studies showing more detrimental effect from NRTIs 6 9 16 and yet others that have shown that BMD improves with all ART therapy 17 Tenofovir an NRTI in particular has been implicated as playing a role in bone changes possibly due to its effect at the proximal tubule leading to a Fanconi-like syndrome with phosphate wasting 18 Tenofovir led to significant reductions in BMD of children and this loss reversed after tenofovir was stopped 9 other studies have shown similar deleterious effects 16 A recent study evaluating the effect of continuous ART therapy vs intermittent use for viral suppression showed that patients receiving continuous ART had greater loss of BMD despite an increased risk of AIDS progression myocardial infarction or renal- or liver-failure 19 However prior longitudinal studies with longer follow-up have shown that the initial loss of BMD following ART is recovered and longer-term BMD changes are similar to changes seen in HIV-negative persons 20-22 There is evidence that there is a positive correlation between HIV viremia and proinflammatory cytokines and that up-regulated proinflammatory cytokines may play a role in both osteoclast and osteoblast function Prior studies have shown that during HIV infection osteoblast and osteoclast function is uncoupled and following ART treatment regulation of bone turnover and formation ensues 23 However changes in cytokines have not been correlated with BMD and changes in bone turnover during routine ART treatment to our knowledge Most studies to date have been cross-sectional studies comparing HIV with varying ART exposure histories and HIV- persons or small longitudinal studies with limited sample sizes and short duration It is not known if the decline of proinflammatory cytokines which occurs concurrent with the fall in HIV viral loads leads to improved regulation of bone formation and hence a lower rate of bone loss and lower risk of fracture
Study Oversight
Has Oversight DMC:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Drug?:
None
Is a FDA Regulated Device?:
None
Is an Unapproved Device?:
None
Is a PPSD?:
None
Is a US Export?:
None
Is an FDA AA801 Violation?:
None