Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
* Age \> 18 years
* Ability to undergo an extensive neuropsychological evaluation
* Ability to sign informed consent for the study
* Diagnosed with idiopathic PD according to the latest revision of the MDS criteria
* On stable and optimal antiparkinsonian therapy for at least four weeks
Exclusion Criteria:
* Systemic diseases of significant severity, including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions (e.g., active neoplasms requiring chemotherapy, or end-stage heart failure)
* Presence of any active neurological disease, in addition to PD
* Presence of a cochlear implant, ferromagnetic brain device or near the site of brain stimulation, pacemaker, brain electrodes for DBS, electromechanical devices with IPG, or any other implantable stimulator, including peripheral ones
* History of epilepsy
* History of cerebrovascular, tumor-related, infectious, or metabolic brain conditions predisposing to seizures or causing symptomatic epilepsy
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Alcoholism
* Treatment with anticholinesterase drugs, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, anticholinergics, or antidepressants in the last month
* Treatment with drugs that lower the seizure threshold (e.g., imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline, maprotiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, foscarnet, ganciclovir, ritonavir, amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, ecstasy, phencyclidine, ketamine, gamma-hydroxybutyrate, alcohol, theophylline)
* Active cochlear pathology (especially if currently receiving ototoxic drugs, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics)
* Dementia according to the latest revision of the MDS criteria for PDD