Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
* Males (due to potential hormonal fluctuations in female subjects) aged 30-65 y
* BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2
* Not diabetic \[diagnosed or fasting glucose \>7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL)\] or suffer from other endocrine disorders
* Not having suffered a myocardial infarction/stroke in the past 12 mo
* Not suffering from renal or bowel disease or have a history of choleostatic liver or pancreatitis
* Not on drug treatment for hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, inflammation or hypercoagulation
* No history of alcohol misuse
* Not planning or on a weight reducing regime
* Not taking any fish oil, fatty acid or vitamin and mineral supplements
* Non smokers
Exclusion Criteria:
* Females
* Use of medications known to affect lipid metabolism, i.e., hypolipidemic or cholesterol-lowering agents (e.g., Pravastatin, Simuvustatin)
* Use of (\>2x/wk) medication for inflammation or hypercoagulation
* Anticoagulants (Warfarin)
* Inflammation - NSAID's (Tiaprofenic acid, Sulindac, Ibuprofen), Corticosteroids (Betamethasone)
* Regular use (\>2x/wk) of any acid-lowering medications, laxatives or anti-diarrheal medications (prescription or over-the-counter \[OTC\])
* Use of medications known or suspected to influence blood pressure, including beta-adrenergic blocking agents (oral or ocular) (e.g., Sotalol, Bisoprolol), beta-adrenergic drugs, calcium channel blocking agents (Amlodipine, Nicardipine), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (Captopril, Cilazapril), angiotensin receptor blocking agents (Valsartan), nitrates, diuretics (Chlortalidone), venlafaxine and sibutramine, decongestants or chloroquine
* Systolic blood pressure \>150 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \>95 mmHg
* CVD including coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease or dysautonomia
* Gastrointestinal diseases conditions or medications influencing gastrointestinal absorption including active peptic ulcer disease, treatment with acid-lowering drugs or inflammatory bowel disease
* Renal or chronic kidney disease due to any condition, renovascular disease, history of nephrolithiasis or serum creatinine \>1.5 mg/dL
* Endocrine disorders including diabetes \[fasting blood glucose \>7 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or current pharmacologic treatment for diabetes\], untreated thyroid disease, adrenal disease, pheochromocytoma, parathyroid disease or hyperuricemia
* Rheumatologic diseases including gout or inflammatory arthritis
* Active treatment for cancer of any type (except basal cell carcinoma)\<1 y
* Regular use of oral steroids except topical OTC steroids
* Regular use of any dietary supplements containing vitamins, minerals, herbal or other plant-based preparations, fish oil supplements (including cod liver oil) or homeopathic remedies. However, subjects who are willing to refrain from the use of these supplements for 1 mo prior to their initial visit (Visit 3) may be considered eligible.
* Usual daily ethanol intake of\>2 drinks (24 oz beer, 8 oz wine, 2 oz hard liquor)
* Cigarette smoking and/or nicotine replacement use. However, subjects who have stopped using these products for 1 y prior to their initial visit (Visit 1) may be considered eligible.
* Illicit drug use
* Infrequent (\<3/wk) or excessive (\>3/d) number of regular bowel movements
* Specific laboratory blood or urine analysis parameters of:
* Creatinine \> 1.5 mg/dL
* Electrolytes, calcium, phosphorous - out of normal ranges
* ALT and AST \>1.5 nmol
* Total bilirubin - above normal range
* Triglycerides ≥300 mg/dL
* Fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL
* CBC: HCT outside of normal NEL reference ranges at the discretion of the study physician
* WBC, PLT - outside of normal NEL reference ranges Strict vegetarians
* Those on or planning a weight reducing regime
* Unable to consume study meals or products
* Subjects with larger than 5 kg weight loss in the last 3 months.