Eligibility Criteria:
Stage 1:
Inclusion criteria:
1. Older than 18 years old, no gender limitation;
2. In COPD stable stage (if there is an acute exacerbation, patients should be enrolled 3 months after remission of the exacerbation);
3. Be able to carry out daily activities and wear wearable devices;
4. Have willing to participate in this study and comply with the study protocol, and can sign informed consent;
5. Possess mobile communication equipment, which can meet the requirement of installing wearable device APP, and have a recording function.
Exclusion criteria:
1. Have been diagnosed with chronic respiratory diseases other than COPD, such as bronchial asthma, lung cancer, active tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, and diffuse lung diseases (interstitial pneumonia, occupational lung disease, sarcoidosis, etc.);
2. lobectomy and/or lung transplantation, pleural disease;
3. Complicated with serious underlying diseases, including severe mental illness, intellectually impaired diseases, neurological disease (resulting in limb movement disorder), malignant tumor (PS score \> 2), chronic liver disease (transaminase \> Normal high limit 3 times), heart failure (NYHA\> Grade 3), autoimmune disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD-5), unstable coronary heart disease, arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, severe ventricular arrhythmia), congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, etc., or life expectancy of less than 6 months;
4. Malnutrition (BMI\<18 kg/m2);
5. Bilateral wrist and hand edema, wrist soft tissue injury, can not wear a watch/bracelet because of the incompleted skin;
6. Double upper limb pigmentation or abnormal blood supply (occlusion, thrombosis, trauma, etc.) Stage 2 COPD group: Patients with stable COPD(same inclusion and exclusion criteria as Stage 1) Control group: healthy non-COPD population whose lung function must meet: FEV1/ FVC \> 0.7, FEV1 \> Pred 80% after bronchial dilation test when they are enrolled;
Inclusion criteria:
1. Older than 18 years old;
2. Be able to carry out daily activities and wear wearable devices;
3. Have willing to participate in this study and comply with the study protocol, and can sign informed consent;
4. Possess mobile communication devices, which can meet the requirements of installing wearable devices APP, and have a recording function.
Exclusion criteria: COPD and other serious chronic diseases (same exclusion criteria as COPD group).