Eligibility Criteria:
Inclusion Criteria:
* aged 18-35
* individuals who menstruate, with painful periods
* regular menstrual cycles (every 22-35 days)
Exclusion Criteria:
* presence of active pelvic or abdominal malignancies (primary or metastatic)
* conditions associated with the absence of regular menses such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, pregnancy, or any current use of continuous hormonal medication or contraceptive
* unable to read or comprehend the informed consent in English
* presence of other diagnosed chronic back or pelvic pain conditions (including chronic back pain, fibromyalgia, bladder pain syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, vulvar pain syndrome, and endometriosis-associated pelvic pain)
* having another diagnosed/symptomatic chronic pain condition besides migraines with an average pain score \>3/10 in the last month when not consuming pain relievers, or that requires daily treatment with opioids (ex. hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, morphine, hydromorphone, tapentadol, tramadol) or neuromodulators (also known sometimes as antidepressants \[ex. amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, duloxetine, milnacipran, venlafaxine\] or antiseizure medications \[ex. topiramate, gabapentin, pregabalin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine\])
* current or past history of stomach ulcers
* current or past history of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding
* diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease
* current or past history of renal disorders
* current or past history of adrenal dysfunction
* diagnosis of liver disorders
* diagnosis of chronic acid reflex (i.e. GERD)
* Diagnosis of Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
* Coagulopathy
* Prolactinoma
* Von Willebrand disease
* Platelet disorders
* High blood pressure that is difficult to manage
* gastrointestinal conditions or surgeries that affect naproxen absorption
* bleeding disorders
* heart failure
* a history of stroke
* a history of heart attack
* active genitourinary or sexually transmitted infection
* allergy to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or their ingredients
* individuals who take the following medications: anticoagulants (i.e. warfarin), lithium, diuretics, antacids, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, methotrexate, cholestyramine, or probenecids.
* Unmanaged diabetes (i.e. Fasting Blood Glucose: ≥ 126 mg/dL (≥ 7.0 mmol/L), Non-Fasting/Random Blood Glucose: ≥ 200 mg/dL (≥ 11.1 mmol/L), Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): ≥ 6.5%)
* Uncontrolled thyroid function (i.e. Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH): \> 4.5 mIU/L (mild) or \> 10 mIU/L (severe) Free T4: Below the lower end of the reference range (usually \< 0.9 ng/dL)
* Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) (i.e. TSH: \< 0.4 mIU/L (Suppressed or undetectable), Free T4: Above the upper end of the reference range (usually \> 2.0 ng/dL)
* Liver dysfunction (i.e. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or bilirubin (unless known diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome) ≥ 1.5 times the upper limit of the reference range)
* Kidney dysfunction (i.e. Serum creatinine \> 1.1 mg/dL.)